杜魯門總統命令卡爾·安德魯“圖伊”·斯帕茨將軍向廣島和長崎投下炸彈。斯帕茨將軍是當時歐洲戰略空軍司令。他現在被認為是現代美國空軍之父。
史帕茨將軍最初拒絕了杜魯門總統的命令，理由是這會造成大量平民傷亡，而且斯帕茨將軍以只針對歐洲的戰略補給線而不是針對平民而自豪。
史帕茲將軍告訴杜魯門總統，如果他親筆下達命令，他只會接受轟炸廣島和長崎的命令。杜魯門總統抓起紙筆寫下命令，交給史帕茨將軍。
斯帕茨將軍隨後飛往太平洋的天寧島，埃諾拉·蓋伊號和船員們在那裡等待，裝載著被稱為“小男孩”的原子彈。保羅·蒂貝茨 (Paul Tibbets) 是波音 B-29 Superfortress 轟炸機的飛行員，被稱為“Enola Gay”。
飛行員保羅·蒂貝茨
抵達天寧島後，斯帕茨將軍前往機庫洗澡。他脫掉衣服，跳進淋浴間。一名年輕士兵想給將軍留下深刻印象，他抓起他的製服，在他洗澡時將其清洗、熨燙。士兵抓起將軍的製服，走出了衣架。史帕茨將軍聽到了士兵的聲音，看到他的製服不見了，並且知道杜魯門總統手寫的命令在他的口袋裡。他衝出淋浴間，赤裸裸地跑出機庫，跑到街上，追趕士兵，拿回了他的製服和命令。（故事來源：奧利維亞·內格爾，斯帕茨將軍的孫女。）
1945 年 8 月 6 日，埃諾拉·蓋伊號飛行員、指揮官保羅·蒂貝茨 (Paul Tibbets)和他的船員在日本廣島投放了“小男孩” 。
1945 年 8 月 9 日，查爾斯·W·斯威尼 (Charles W. Sweeney) 少將和博克汽車 (Bock's Car)的船員在日本長崎投放了“胖子” 。
1945 年 1 月 2 日，我的叔祖父 Michael DeLisle Lyons, SJ（耶穌會牧師）出生於密西根州底特律，被介紹給美國政府，成為可以為原子彈起爆器（觸發器）供應鈹的人。 。他從 1945 年到 1974 年供應鈹，1974 年他因慢性鈹肺病在科羅拉多州阿瓦達的家中去世。他將鈹供應給位於他後門以西幾百碼處的洛基弗拉茨（Rocky Flats）。是的，炸彈的最後一塊是由牧師提供的。
邁克爾·德萊爾·里昂神父 (Michael DeLisle Lyons)，密西根州底特律市 SJ
因為替代方案——奧林匹克行動——預計將導致 25 萬美國人傷亡……以及 500 萬至 1000 萬日本平民死亡。在最初的攻擊中，每種原子武器都沒有像東京空襲那樣殺死更多的日本人。
請記住，日本731部隊開發、測試並使用了針對中國的生物武器。根據目前計畫（MAD），美國對使用大規模殺傷性武器的反應是消滅使用者。如果一個國家現在對盟友使用大規模殺傷性武器，我們將「玻璃化」他們（首先瞄準他們的軍事目標，但也保證消滅他們，不僅是因為
是的，也不是。
投在廣島的小男孩炸彈重達 4.5 噸（9,000 磅）。其中包括外殼、航空翅片、熔斷和安全設備以及電池，尤其是大量常規炸藥。
這些炸藥被用來驅動一個大型中子反射夯和重 64 公斤（141 磅）的臨界質量的鈾。天然存在的鈾幾乎全部是u-238，它不太容易透過熱中子捕獲（核爆中產生的中子類型）發生裂變，因此炸彈核心平均濃縮了80%的U-235，
It’s important to understand how Japanese actions in the field affected US planners. Prior to dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, not one Japanese combat unit had surrendered to the Allies. Japanese units would fight and sustain casualties of 95% — 98% or simply be totally destroyed and never surrender.
Secondly, the allied intelligence picture of the Japanese mainland showed extensive preparations to fight against any invasion. The Japanese were enlisting the entire population — anyone who could walk, carry a gun, a stick or a rock — to fight any invading force. It was Japan’s
The Japanese started the war. America finished it.
The Americans had 3 choice to end the war with Japan.
Drop the atom bombs, kill 200,000 Japanese
Invade Japan, kill millions of Japanese and over a million Allied soldiers
Encircle Japan and starve it out, killing millions of Japanese and extending the war by years.
Other raid by B29 bombers, such on one on Tokyo in March 1945, killed over 800,000 (more than both atom bombs together) but even after those attacks the Japanese would not surrender unconditionally. The nuclear bombs convinced the Emperor to surrender and he told his Government to do so
Before the successful test of a implosion-type nuclear weapon on 16 July 1945 the war plan of the United States forces called for an invasion of the Japanese home island of Kyushu in November 1945, to be followed by a second larger invasion of the main island of Honshu in March 1946. On 1 April 1945 the Allies invaded the outlying Japanese island of Okinawa in order to establish a forward operating base for the planned Kyushu invasion, codenamed OLYMPIC.
The Allied land forces committed to the battle for Okinawa, composed entirely of American soldiers and Marines, outnumbered the Japanese army
The atomic bombs were seen as (then, and still now) seen as legitimate weapons used against legitimate targets of an enemy nation. The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were Japanese population centers with modest military value due to the size of their population, industry and the military forces stationed there.
Hiroshima was the headquarters of the Second General Army, which would have borne the brunt of the fighting in the (correctly) anticipated invasion of Kyushu. It was also the headquarters of the 59th Army and two divisions, in all 40,000 military were stationed in Hiroshima. It had la
Japan
To persuade them to surrender without having to invade and lose hundreds of thousands of American lives.
Duh! The only country that had nuclear weapons
After the ferocity with which Japanese forces defended Okinawa — they fought down past 95 percent attrition, when they should have surrendered weeks earlier, the outcome was never in doubt — the Americans calculated that they would defend the Japanese main island of Honshu with at least that level of willingness to die for a lost cause.
The military estimates were that 12 to 15 million Japanese would die before they surrendered, and a million American boys would die in the invasion. So a decision was made to kill 75,000 in Hiroshima and 50,000 in Nagasaki instead (it turned out to be far more,
Yes, the servicemen involved knew what was being dropped and how many people were likely to die. They were all well-trained, after all.
If nothing else their trainers didn’t want the aircrews to die, so they knew to fly quite high, drop the thing and get out of there.
Don’t even look back.
The uranium bomb was sure to work, but Oak Ridge could only supply a little at a time, with great difficulty.
Hanford would have no trouble producing a reasonable supply of plutonium, but until the Trinity test, they weren’t sure it would work at all.
This is not just a sensible precaution. It was a more widespread policy, whenever practicable. US aircraft were typically bought in two designs from two manufacturers for a given purpose, as an example. The US used the B-25 and B-26 medium bombers, the P-39 and P-40 fighters. B-17 and B-24 heavy bombers. The newer paradigm began with the B-29, whic
The communists, I’m sure.
After the Hiroshima bomb, the Japanese realized that there was a new dimension to the war, but having lost so many cities already, 67, they considered a couple more wouldn't matter! They deduced, correctly, that there were only a couple of bombs available and were willing to suffer another if needed. Their scientists told them that this was indeed an atomic bomb just like Truman said. When the second, Nagasaki, bomb and the Russians declared war they were still stalemated about surrender.
The Japanese Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the "Big Six" was split 3-3 betwee
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