731部隊計劃在戰爭結束後對美軍進行細菌戰
共同社華盛頓7月21日電
研究人員周五援引該部隊司令官石井四郎中將（Lt. Shiro Ishii）留下的一份備忘錄稱，已解散的日本皇軍細菌戰部隊計劃在1945年8月日本在第二次世界大戰中投降後，對駐日美軍發動細菌攻擊。
但這支被稱為731小隊的細菌戰小隊，在被當時的日本皇軍高層指揮官告知 「不要白白送死 」後，放棄了這一計劃。
目前尚不清楚石井計劃如何進行攻擊，因為備忘錄的陳述很零碎。
就在日本投降之前，731小隊已經為對美軍進行''tokko''自殺式細菌攻擊做了準備。
該備忘錄顯示，即使在戰爭結束後，該單位仍計劃進行細菌攻擊。
731 部队指挥官石井是一名医务官，他手写了一份零散的备忘录，总部设在美国的日本记者 Fukiko Aoki 从一名曾为石井服务的前日本文职军人那里获得了该备忘录的副本。
日本著名的生化武器權威--橫濱神奈川大學教授常石敬一 (Keiichi Tsuneishi) 對其進行了分析。
大筆記本中的備忘錄描述了從 1945 年 8 月 16 日（日本投降的第二天）起的 11 天內涉及細菌單位的發展。
上面寫道："「將盡可能運往母國 」maruta,' PX。
研究人員表示，''Maruta''是這支部隊對戰俘的代號，在戰俘身上測試細菌武器，而 PX 則指受蟲害杆菌感染的跳蚤。
備忘錄的其他片段包括「美軍於 8 月 25 日抵達（東京附近的相模灣）」、「將把（武器）分散到全國各地」、「可以用帆船運送人員和設備」。
他們說，這些表述意味著石井顯然計劃對美軍進行細菌攻擊，並研究將細菌戰人員及其設備運往日本。
但在8月26日，也就是美軍先遣隊抵達的前兩天，夾帶著軍隊最高將領的指示，上面寫著'「不要白白送死」「和」「冷靜地等待下一個機會」'。
這些指示分別由當時的大日本皇軍參謀長梅津義次郎將軍（Gen. Yoshijiro Umezu）和副參謀長河邊虎郎將軍（Gen. Torashiro Kawabe）發出。
關於運送戰俘的問題，神奈川大學的常石（Tsuneishi）表示，731部隊不太可能計劃將戰俘運送到日本。 他說，該部隊可能試圖運送透過人體實驗製造出來的標本。
日本皇軍在 1936 年成立了 731 單位，作為關東軍的防疫和供水部門。 但其真正的任務是利用鼠疫、炭疽和其他細菌開發生物武器。 關東軍是日本皇軍的一部分，駐扎在日本控制下的中國東北部。
該部隊總部設在黑龍江省哈爾濱市郊，在中國各地進行細菌戰，主要以中國人作為人體實驗的對象。
歷史學家認為，在戰前和戰爭期間，約有 3,000 人死於該部隊進行的人體實驗。
據日本政府估計，關東軍在中國東北的廣泛地區共遺棄了 70 萬枚生化砲彈。
根據與中國簽訂的協議，日本自2000年9月開始廢棄計劃以來，已回收了37,000枚生化砲彈。
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Unit 731 planned germ warfare against U.S. forces after end of war.
WASHINGTON, July 21 Kyodo
The defunct Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare unit planned to stage germ attacks against U.S. troops in Japan just after Japan's surrender in World War II in August 1945, researchers said Friday, citing a memorandum left by the unit's commander, Lt. Gen. Shiro Ishii.
But the germ warfare team, known as Unit 731, gave up the plan after being told by then top commanders of the Imperial Japanese Army, ''Don't die in vain,'' the researchers said.
It is unclear how Ishii planned to carry out the attacks because statements of the memorandum are fragmentary.
Unit 731 was already known to have made preparations to stage ''tokko'' suicide germ attacks against U.S. forces just before Japan's surrender.
The memorandum shows that the unit planned germ attacks even after the end of the war.
Unit 731 commander Ishii, who was a medical officer, hand-wrote the memorandum fragmentarily, a copy of which was obtained by U.S.-based Japanese journalist Fukiko Aoki from a former Japanese civilian army employee who had served for Ishii.
It was analyzed by a well-known Japanese authority on biochemical weapons -- Keiichi Tsuneishi, a professor at Kanagawa University in Yokohama.
The memorandum in a large notebook depicts developments involving the germ unit during 11 days from Aug. 16, 1945, the day after Japan's surrender.
It says, ''Will transport to the home country 'maruta,' PX as much as possible.''
''Maruta'' was the unit's code word for prisoners of war on whom germ weapons were tested, while PX means pest bacillus-infected fleas, the researchers said.
Other fragments of the memorandum include ''American troops arrive (at Sagami Bay near Tokyo) on 25th (of August),'' ''Will scatter (the weapons) across the country,'' and ''personnel and equipment can be transported with sailboats.''
The expressions mean Ishii apparently planned germ attacks against U.S. troops and studied transporting germ warfare personnel and their equipment to Japan, they said.
But entries on Aug. 26, two days before the arrival of an advance team of the U.S. forces, carry instructions from top army generals that say ''Don't die in vain,'' and ''Wait for next opportunity calmly.''
The instructions were issued by Gen. Yoshijiro Umezu and Gen. Torashiro Kawabe, then chief of staff and deputy chief of the Imperial Japanese Army, respectively.
On transportation of ''maruta'' POWs, Tsuneishi of Kanagawa University said it is unlikely that Unit 731 planned to send POWs to Japan. He said the unit might have tried to send specimens produced through human experiments.
The Imperial Japanese Army established Unit 731 in 1936 as an anti-epidemic and water supply division of the Kwantung Army. But its real mission was to develop biological weapons using plague, anthrax and other bacteria. The Kwantung Army was part of the Japanese Imperial Army stationed in northeastern China, which was under Japanese control.
Headquartered in the suburbs of Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, the unit conducted germ warfare in various places in China and mainly used Chinese as subjects in human experiments.
Historians believe that some 3,000 people died in the human experiments conducted by the unit before and during the war.
The Japanese government estimates the Kwantung Army abandoned a total of 700,000 biochemical shells in extensive areas in northeastern China.
Under an agreement with China, Japan has retrieved 37,000 such shells since it began the disposal project in September 2000.
COPYRIGHT 2006 Kyodo News International, Inc.
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2006 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
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Unit 731 planned germ warfare against U.S. forces after end of war.
WASHINGTON, July 21 Kyodo
The defunct Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare unit planned to stage germ attacks against U.S. troops in Japan just after Japan's surrender in World War II in August 1945, researchers said Friday, citing a memorandum left by the unit's commander, Lt. Gen. Shiro Ishii.
But the germ warfare team, known as Unit 731, gave up the plan after being told by then top commanders of the Imperial Japanese Army, ''Don't die in vain,'' the researchers said.
It is unclear how Ishii planned to carry out the attacks because statements of the memorandum are fragmentary.
Unit 731 was already known to have made preparations to stage ''tokko'' suicide germ attacks against U.S. forces just before Japan's surrender.
The memorandum shows that the unit planned germ attacks even after the end of the war.
Unit 731 commander Ishii, who was a medical officer, hand-wrote the memorandum fragmentarily, a copy of which was obtained by U.S.-based Japanese journalist Fukiko Aoki from a former Japanese civilian army employee who had served for Ishii.
It was analyzed by a well-known Japanese authority on biochemical weapons -- Keiichi Tsuneishi, a professor at Kanagawa University in Yokohama.
The memorandum in a large notebook depicts developments involving the germ unit during 11 days from Aug. 16, 1945, the day after Japan's surrender.
It says, ''Will transport to the home country 'maruta,' PX as much as possible.''
''Maruta'' was the unit's code word for prisoners of war on whom germ weapons were tested, while PX means pest bacillus-infected fleas, the researchers said.
Other fragments of the memorandum include ''American troops arrive (at Sagami Bay near Tokyo) on 25th (of August),'' ''Will scatter (the weapons) across the country,'' and ''personnel and equipment can be transported with sailboats.''
The expressions mean Ishii apparently planned germ attacks against U.S. troops and studied transporting germ warfare personnel and their equipment to Japan, they said.
But entries on Aug. 26, two days before the arrival of an advance team of the U.S. forces, carry instructions from top army generals that say ''Don't die in vain,'' and ''Wait for next opportunity calmly.''
The instructions were issued by Gen. Yoshijiro Umezu and Gen. Torashiro Kawabe, then chief of staff and deputy chief of the Imperial Japanese Army, respectively.
On transportation of ''maruta'' POWs, Tsuneishi of Kanagawa University said it is unlikely that Unit 731 planned to send POWs to Japan. He said the unit might have tried to send specimens produced through human experiments.
The Imperial Japanese Army established Unit 731 in 1936 as an anti-epidemic and water supply division of the Kwantung Army. But its real mission was to develop biological weapons using plague, anthrax and other bacteria. The Kwantung Army was part of the Japanese Imperial Army stationed in northeastern China, which was under Japanese control.
Headquartered in the suburbs of Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, the unit conducted germ warfare in various places in China and mainly used Chinese as subjects in human experiments.
Historians believe that some 3,000 people died in the human experiments conducted by the unit before and during the war.
The Japanese government estimates the Kwantung Army abandoned a total of 700,000 biochemical shells in extensive areas in northeastern China.
Under an agreement with China, Japan has retrieved 37,000 such shells since it began the disposal project in September 2000.
COPYRIGHT 2006 Kyodo News International, Inc.
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2006 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Please bookmark with social media, your votes are noticed and appreciated:
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| Publication: | Asian Political News |
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| Date: | Jul 24, 2006 |
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