前言
位於摩洛哥拉巴特 (Rabat) 的皇家宮殿 (Royal Palace) 檔案館收藏了現任國王哈桑二世 (Hasan II) 家族在位的阿拉維特王朝 (Alawite dynasty) 的國家文件。館藏中的文件和手稿種類繁多、內容豐富，可追溯至最早期的伊斯蘭時代。大量的資料現正進行編目¹，但最可靠的書目指南仍是幾位傑出的摩洛哥學者的個人知識。其中包括 Si Muḥammad al- Manūnī，他在幾年前向我指出了一份新近重新發現的十九世紀手稿，題為「學者 Sid Muhammad b. 「Abd Allah aş-Şaffar 以德端大使 al-Hajj 」Abd al-Qadir Ash'ash 的秘書身份前往法國的旅程」2。
這份手稿長 139 頁，每頁長 21.5 公分、寬 17 公分，包含 21 行文字，以謹慎的馬格里比文字書寫。手稿上沒有簽名，也沒有在開頭幾行提及作者姓名，而在開頭幾行通常會聲稱作者姓名。但內部證據、摩洛哥學者的證詞，以及將這份手稿的筆跡與其他有其簽名的文件進行比較後，證實作者是 Muhammad aş-Şaffar，而且這份手稿確實是他的親筆手稿。目前尚未發現其他副本，也未曾以阿拉伯文或任何其他語言編輯或出版該記載的全文。
1. 請參閱 Fahāris al-khizāna al-malakiya 系列 (拉巴特，1980-)，尤其是第 1 卷，Fihris qism at-tārīkh wa-kutub ar-rihlāt，編者為 Muhammad Abd Allah Inah，1980 年。Muhammad Abd Allah Inān (Rabat, 1980), pp. 這些檔案中的文件出版於 Al-Wathā'iq 系列： Majmū āt wathā'iqiya dawriya tuşaddiruha mudiriya al- wathā'iq al-malakiya，ed. Abd al-Wahab Bin Manşür, 7 vols. (Rabat, 1976-89).
2. 收錄於 「合集 」或 majmu'a。BGR #113。
主題是作者於 1845 年 12 月以大使 'Abd al-Qadir ash ash 的秘書身份前往巴黎的旅程報告，該大使是由在位的摩洛哥蘇丹 Abd ar-Rahman 派來執行特殊外交任務的。在旅途中，aş-Şaffar 仔細地做了筆記；回國後，他撰寫了自己的報告，這可能是在 Ash「ash 的催促下完成的，Ash」ash 是在回應王室的請求。阿什-沙法爾是一位專業的抄寫員，手稿的書寫流暢優雅；只有到了最後，當他匆忙完成時，才用劃線的字留下匆忙的痕跡。他對美學的關注體現在裝飾性的章節標題和以裝飾性大字開頭的段落上。頁邊還有主題標題來引導讀者，作者在兩處地方畫了一些小的解釋性草圖，這些草圖都可以在編輯好的文本中找到。
手稿分為六節，以序開頭，以後序結束。其間有四個章節，主題各異。aş-Şaffar 的旅行記事或 rihla 的形式結構反映了這一體裁的 「經典 」作品的順序，以及更多的現代元素。1834 年，在巴黎生活了五年的埃及人 Rifa'a Rafi at-Tahțāwī 的 Takhlīş al-ibrasīz fi talkhiş Bārīz 在埃及的 Bulaq 出版。但 Muhammad aş-Şaffar 並非純粹的模仿者。作為一個有成就的文學家，他在自己的描述中加入了原創性的觀察、詩歌、《古蘭經》和《聖訓》（有關先知的傳統）的引文、諺語、笑話、軼聞以及其他阿拉伯文詞藻，使其成為一個有修養的學者的作品。嘗試鑑定他所參考的資料來源，是本專案中最困難的編輯工作之一。穆罕默德-阿斯-沙法爾 (Muhammad aş-Şaffar) 告訴我們，完成這部手稿對他來說是一種折磨，幾個月的時間都耗在其中。翻譯並解開他文字中的心結是一項挑戰，花了我超過數年的時間。
透過 DeepL.com（免費版）翻譯
PREFACE
The Royal Palace archives in Rabat, Morocco, contain the state papers of the reigning 'Alawite dynasty, the family of the present King Hasan II. Included in the collection are documents and manuscripts of an extraordinary variety and richness dating from earliest Islamic times. The mass of material is now in the process of being catalogued,¹ but the most infallible bibliographical guide to it is still the personal knowledge of a few distinguished Moroccan scholars. Among them is Si Muḥammad al- Manūnī, who pointed out to me some years ago the existence of a newly rediscovered nineteenth century manuscript entitled "The Voyage of the Scholar Sid Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah aş-Şaffar to France as Secretary to the Ambassador al-Hajj 'Abd al-Qadir Ash'ash of Tetuan."2
The manuscript was 139 pages in length, each page 21.5 cm long and 17 cm wide, containing twenty-one lines of text, and written in careful Maghribi script. It was not signed, nor was the name of the author mentioned in the opening lines, where authorship is customarily claimed. But internal evidence, the testimony of Moroccan scholars, and a comparison of the handwriting with other documents bearing his signature confirmed that the author was Muhammad aş-Şaffar and the manuscript was indeed an autograph. No other copies have been found, nor has the account ever been edited or published in full, either in Arabic or in any other language.3
1. See the series Fahāris al-khizāna al-malakiya (Rabat, 1980-), especially vol. 1, Fihris qism at-tārīkh wa-kutub ar-rihlāt, ed. Muhammad Abd Allah Inān (Rabat, 1980), pp. 427-58. Documents from these archives are published in the series Al-Wathā'iq: Majmū āt wathā'iqiya dawriya tuşaddiruha mudiriya al- wathā'iq al-malakiya, ed. Abd al-Wahab Bin Manşür, 7 vols. (Rabat, 1976-89).
2. Included in a "collection," or majmu'a. BGR #113.
The subject matter is the report of a journey made by the author to Paris in December 1845 as secretary to the Ambassador 'Abd al-Qadir ash ash, who was sent by the reigning Moroccan Sultan Abd ar-Rahman on a special diplomatic mission. During the journey, aş-Şaffar took careful notes; when he returned home, he wrote his account, probably at the urging of Ash'ash, who was responding to a royal request. Aş-Şaffar was a professional scribe, and the manuscript is written in a fluid and elegant hand; only toward the end, as he hurried to finish, did he leave signs of his haste in crossedout words. Evidence of his aesthetic concern are the ornamental chapter headings and paragraphs that begin with large and decorative letters. There are also subject headings in the margins to guide the reader, and in two places the author drew little explanatory sketches which are to be found in the edited text.
The manuscript is divided into six sections, beginning with a prologue and ending with an epilogue. Between are four chapters on different subjects. The formal structure of aş-Şaffar's travel account, or rihla, reflects the order of "classic" works in this genre, as well as more modern elements. In 1834, the Takhlīş al-ibrasīz fi talkhiş Bārīz of the Egyptian Rifa'a Rafi at-Tahțāwī, who spent five years in Paris, was published at Bulaq, Egypt.4 Both the contents and the arrangement of the Takhlīs greatly influenced aş-Şaffir. But Muhammad aş-Şaffar was no mere imitator. An accomplished man of letters, he embellished his account with original observations, poetry, quotations from the Koran and Hadith (traditions about the Prophet), proverbs, jokes, anecdotes, and other Arabic literary flourishes that mark it as the work of a cultivated scholar. Attempting to identify the sources on which he drew has been one of the most demanding editorial aspects of the project. Muhammad aş-Şaffar tells us that finishing the manuscript was an ordeal that occupied him for several months. Translating and unraveling the knots in his text has been a challenge that has taken me more than a few years.
.
Disorienting Encounters: Travels of a Moroccan Scholar in France in 1845-1846. The Voyage of Muhammad As-Saffar (Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies) (Volume 14) Paperback – Illustrated, 1992年 2月 7日
作者 Muhammed As-Saffar (Author), Susan Gilson Miller (Author)
4.5 4.5 顆星，最高 5 顆星 4 個評分
屬於：Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies (13 本書)
查看所有格式和版本
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In December of 1845, Muhammad as-Saffar was sent by the reigning Moroccan sultan on a special diplomatic mission to Paris. During the journey, as-Saffar took careful notes and upon his return he hurriedly wrote this travel account.
Why was the sultan, descendent of the Prophet Muhammad, and head of a dynasty that had ruled Morocco for more than two hundred years, so eager to read this account? Perhaps he thought it would illuminate some troubling matters: how the French acquired their power and their mastery over nature; how they led their daily lives, educated their children, treated their women and servants. In short, the sultan wanted to know the condition of French civilization and why it differed from his. As-Saffar provided the answers.
Moreover, as we read the account, Muhammad as-Saffar comes alive for us. We see him reflecting on the beauty of women, contorting during his ritual ablutions, and suffering from boredom at endless dinners. His opinions and ideas infuse every page. For him the journey was more than a catalog of curiosities; it was a transforming experience. Given our very limited knowledge of the time and the absence of other voices that speak with equal clarity, this travel account enlarges our understanding of the relationship between nineteenth-century Morocco and France.
Disorienting Encounters： 摩洛哥學者1845-1846年在法國的旅行。(第14卷) Paperback - Illustrated, 1992年2月7日
作者Muhammed As-Saffar(作者),Susan Gilson Miller(作者)
4.54.5 顆星，最高 5 顆星 4 個評分
屬於：Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies (13 本書)
查看所有格式和版本
1845 年 12 月，在位的摩洛哥蘇丹派 Muhammad as-Saffar 出使巴黎。在旅途中，as-Saffar 仔細地做了筆記，回國後，他匆匆寫下了這本旅行記。
作為先知穆罕默德的後裔，以及統治摩洛哥兩百多年的王朝首領，蘇丹為何會如此渴望閱讀這篇記載？也許他認為這本書可以說明一些令人煩惱的事情：法國人如何獲得權力，如何掌握大自然；他們如何過日常生活、教育子女、對待婦女和僕人。簡而言之，蘇丹想知道法國文明的狀況，以及為何會與他的文明不同。As-Saffar 提供了答案。
此外，當我們閱讀這段記載時，Muhammad as-Saffar 就活生生地呈現在我們眼前。我們看見他思考女性的美麗、在洗禮時變形、在無休無止的晚餐中飽受無聊之苦。他的意見和想法充斥著每一頁。對他來說，這段旅程不只是一份好奇心的目錄，更是一次轉變的經驗。由於我們對當時的了解非常有限，而且缺乏其他同樣清晰的聲音，這本旅行記載擴大
了我們對十九世紀摩洛哥與法國關係的瞭解。
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