Yuan-kang Wang和諧與戰爭：儒家文化與中國強權政治（世界當代亞洲）

Yuan-kang Wang

和諧與戰爭：儒家文化與中國強權政治（世界當代亞洲）

Yuan-kang Wang

Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics (Contemporary Asia in the World)

儒家思想塑造了對中國安全戰略的某種看法，以防禦性、非侵略性的長城為標誌。許多人認為中國是反軍事的，不願意對敵人使用武力。它奉行和平主義，即使國家強大，也不會擴大邊界。

在一項跨越中國六個世紀歷史的開創性研究中，王元康徹底否定了這一概念，將中國重塑為現實政治的實踐者和擴張性大戰略的無情提供者。宋朝（960-1279）和明朝（1368-1644）的領導人重視軍事力量，並精明地評估中國對手的能力。他們在國家弱時採取防禦戰略，在國家強大時追求擴張性目標，如奪取領土、消滅敵人和全面軍事勝利。儘管反軍國主義的儒家文化占主導地位，但戰爭在中國歷史的大部分時期並不少見。王基於對中國主要資料的研究，概述了對於理解中國當今戰略至關重要的權力政治，

Confucianism has shaped a certain perception of Chinese security strategy, symbolized by the defensive, nonaggressive Great Wall. Many believe China is antimilitary and reluctant to use force against its enemies. It practices pacifism and refrains from expanding its boundaries, even when nationally strong.

In a path-breaking study traversing six centuries of Chinese history, Yuan-kang Wang resoundingly discredits this notion, recasting China as a practitioner of realpolitik and a ruthless purveyor of expansive grand strategies. Leaders of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) prized military force and shrewdly assessed the capabilities of China's adversaries. They adopted defensive strategies when their country was weak and pursued expansive goals, such as territorial acquisition, enemy destruction, and total military victory, when their country was strong. Despite the dominance of an antimilitarist Confucian culture, warfare was not uncommon in the bulk of Chinese history. Grounding his research in primary Chinese sources, Wang outlines a politics of power that are crucial to understanding China's strategies today, especially its policy of "peaceful development," which, he argues, the nation has adopted mainly because of its military, economic, and technological weakness in relation to the United States.