帝国的权力体系，殖民势力

帝国的权力体系，殖民势力

直接统治

直接控制军队、税收、法律。国家官员向下。甚至到分单位和地方各级

正式统治 法律上或事实上的权利和责任。殖民地、保护国

非正式统治

限制或没有正式权利和条约权利。势力范围、炮舰外交

C

间接统治

军队、税收等由地方领导人负责。职能被承包或外包

图1.1 正式/非正式和直接/间接统治的范围。

Imperial systems of power, colonial forces

Direct rule

Direct control over troops, tax, law. State officers downwards. even to sub-unit and local levels

Formal rule De jure or de facto rights and responsibilities. Colonies, protectorates

Informal rule

Restricted or no formal and treaty rights. Spheres of influence, gunboat diplomacy

C

Indirect rule

Forces, tax, etc. under local leaders. Functions contracted or farmed out

Figure 1.1 The spectrum of formal/informal and direct/indirect domination.