缅甸的内战是如何发生的，谁在和谁打仗？

 缅甸的内战是如何发生的，谁在和谁打仗？我看了电影《女人》（当然在中国是被禁止的）。这部电影有多少是基于真实历史的？

这是一段非常复杂的历史。我将尝试分解，使事情变得简单。

(1) 第一个正式的叛乱者是缅甸共产党（BCP），在1948年缅甸独立后不久开始。他们拿起武器反对缅甸军队，但只能对小规模的警察哨所发动小规模的攻击。

(2) 随后，克伦族士兵发动了大规模的叛乱，他们来自缅甸军队的克伦族步枪团。他们轻而易举地攻克了缅甸军队的防线，占领了密铁拉（缅甸中部的军队仓库）、曼德勒（缅甸的第二首都）和梅苗（北方军队总部），并几乎占领了仰光。然而，他们最终被缅甸军队击退。他们在克伦民族联盟（KNU）的领导下作战。

(3) 克钦族在1960年拿起武器，因为当时的努政府（最后一个民选政府）宣布佛教为国家宗教。1962年政变后，掸邦再次拿起武器反抗缅甸。

(4) 为了减轻缅甸军队对缅甸中部的缅甸共产党总部的压力，中国训练了当时在中国的缅甸共产党人，并提供了武器支持。1968年，缅甸共产党对东北指挥部的入侵开始了。他们最初取得了成功，占领了边境上的几个重要城镇。然而，在著名的昆龙战役（昆龙40天战役）之后，他们耗尽了力量，他们推进到掸邦，缅甸陷入了僵局。之后又僵持了近20年。

(5) 与此同时，克伦民族联盟（KNU）在伊洛瓦底江三角洲被铲除，现在他们的主要活动转移到泰缅边境。他们继续对缅甸军队发动成功的攻击，但在这一时期从未对缅甸军队发动过大规模的进攻。他们主要满足于在边境上坚守一些防守良好的驻军。

(6) 1986年的西双版纳战役和1988年的缅北战役是BCP的转折点。BCP对缅甸军队发起了重大攻势，但在这两场战斗中都损失了大量人员和武器。1990年后，BCP中不满的少数民族军官反抗中央领导，并建立了自己的民族武装团体： 果敢、佤族和其他小派别，他们最终都与政府签署了停火协议。现在与果敢的斗争就是与这个前BCP果敢集团的斗争。

(7) 在1989-1995年的军队攻势中，克伦民族联盟失去了其在边境上的所有据点，最后在其武装力量沿着宗教路线分裂为佛教徒和基督教徒时，失去了其在Marneplaw的总部。佛教徒组成了民主克伦佛教军（DKBA），该军随后与缅甸军队结盟。克伦民族联盟最终决定受够了，并在去年与政府签署了停火协议。此后，他们被正式承认为一个合法组织（尽管他们仍有自己的军队）。

(8) 一些主要的掸邦武装组织与缅甸签署了停火协议，而其他武装组织则坚持不懈。

(9) 与克钦族的停火协议于2010年破裂。此后，在过去的几年里，与克钦族爆发了零星的战斗，缅甸军队对克钦族的据点取得了一些有限的成功。

这是最简单的方法。

How did the Civil War in Burma take place, who is fighting with whom? I watched the movie "The Lady" (of course it's forbidden in China). How much of this movie is based on real history?

This is a very complicated history. I will try to break down to make things simple.

(1) The first official insurgent was Burmese Communist Party (BCP), starting shortly after Burma’s independence of 1948. They took arms against Burma army but could only launch small scale attacks against small police outposts.

(2) Then came the major insurgents by Karen soldiers, from the Karen Rifle regiments from Burma Army. They easily over run the Burma army defences and took Meiktila (the army depots in the central Burma), Mandalay (the second capital of Burma) and Maymyo (HQ of Northern Army HQ), and nearly captured Rangoon. However, they were finally repelled by Burma army. They fought under the Karen National Union (KNU).

(3) The Kachin took arms in 1960 due to declaration of Buddhism as National Religion by then Nu’s government (last democratically elected government). After 1962 coup, Shan took arms agains Burma.

(4) In order to relieve Burma army pressure on the HQ of Burma Communist Party in the central Burma, Chinese trained Burmese communists who were then in China, and provided weapons support. The invasion of North-East Command of the Burma Communist Party started in 1968. They initially had success and captured a few important towns along the border. However, after the famous battle of Kunlong (Kunlong 40 days battle), they ran out of steam, and they advanced into Shan state and Burma stalled. It was then stalemate for nearly another two decades.

(5) Meanwhile, Karen National Union (KNU), was eradicated in the Irrawaddy delta, and now moved their main activities to the Thai-Burma border. They continued to launch successful attack against Burma army troops, but never launched a major offensive during these period agains Burma army. They were mostly satisfied with holding out a few well defended garrisons along the border.

(6) The battles of Sisiwan-Tarpan in 1986 and the Maing Yang in 1988 were turning points for BCP. BCP launched major offensive against Burma army but lost considerable men and weapons in both battles. After 1990, dissatisfied ethnic officers in BCP rebelled against the central leadership, and established their own ethnic armed groups: The Kokang, the Wa and other smaller factions, all of whom eventually signed cease fire agreement with the government. The fight with Kokang right now is with this former BCP Kokang group.

(7) The KNU lost all its strongholds along the border during 1989 - 1995 army offensives, finally losing its HQ in Marneplaw when its armed wing split along the religious line, into Buddhist and Christians. The Buddhist formed Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), which subsequently allied with Burma army. KNU finally decided enough is enough, and signed cease fire agreement with the government last year. They have since been formally recognised as a legal organisation (even though they still had their own army).

(8) Some major Shan armed groups signed cease fire agreement with Burma, while others hold out.

(9) Cease fire with Kachin broke down in 2010. Since then, sporadic fightings have broken out with Kachin in past few years, with Burma army having some limited success against Kachin strongholds.

That is as simple as possible.