佛朗哥的西班牙是像希特勒的德国或斯大林的苏联那样的极权主义国家吗？
不，佛朗哥没有改变社会走向某种新“主义”的野心。他极端保守，希望社会保持现状。他一只脚踏入法西斯主义，与西班牙的法西斯小党派有很多共同的理想，例如强硬右翼、民族主义、军国主义、反民主、专制、反共济会和反共产主义。但它停在那里。
实际上，非极权主义是佛朗哥将军与纳粹和苏联的主要区别。佛朗哥没有强迫社会转移到未知领域，而是让天主教会在传统基础上自由塑造西班牙的社会和教育生活。甚至墨索里尼也没有这样做。
这可能是佛朗哥对法西斯主义的同情最明显的领袖崇拜。它与军国主义混合在一起，在佛朗哥政权下非常普遍，并被佛朗哥用来谋取个人利益以继续掌权。这种专制宣传显然影响了社会。
1940 年代某处，孩子们向佛朗哥海报致敬
但在与他的领导无关的问题上，情况有所不同。例如，佛朗哥的政权不是种族主义的，也没有任何西班牙人的优势得到发展。他对犹太人、黑人或阿拉伯人没有异议。后者是他在内战中最优秀的战士之一，佛朗哥试图将科尔多瓦的清真寺还给穆斯林，以示感激。最终，教会拒绝合作。
当战后西方国家孤立他，认为他是法西斯主义的最后残余时，他向阿拉伯独裁领导人寻求国际关系，并与他们相处得很好。
佛朗哥将军于 1957 年会见沙特阿拉伯国王。
佛朗哥执政期间实施的民间暗杀数量惊人——涉及 175,000 至 200,000 名左翼反对者——其实施的目的是无情地消除反对派，但并非真正旨在改变社会结构。
有些人会认为这是对法西斯暴力的轻描淡写，但我发现在二战中与布尔切维克作战的西班牙军队的非理想主义行为很能说明问题。其他志愿军（匈牙利、罗马尼亚、意大利等）在对待共产主义人口方面更加热心。
尽管如此，在西班牙镇压反对派确实有极权主义的痕迹，例如使用现代新教育方法的教师被解雇、监禁，有时甚至被谋杀。“现代性”虽然在 20 世纪很重要，却遭到佛朗哥的传统主义的反感并被根除。
佛朗哥将军在南北战争中向他的部队发表励志演讲。
然而，在我看来，佛朗哥为数不多的全面极权主义举措之一是经济上的。在赢得内战（1939 年）后，他试图将西班牙变成一个自给自足的国家，减少进口和国际投资，并为工业和农业制定严格的目标。这听起来很像苏联，结果很糟糕，因为西班牙非常需要外国商品才能重新站起来。相反，由于自我封闭，西班牙遭受了持久的饥荒，近 20 年没有经济增长。直到 1957 年新的技术官僚部长建立了开放市场体系，西班牙的经济才开始腾飞。顺便说一下，还有很多。佛朗哥务实到足以用成功的资本主义政策取代失败的极权主义政策。
1939 年，人们在巴塞罗那排队领取配给的面包。
如何？
最简单的答案包含两件事：
- 二战后红军占领了这片土地。
- 斯大林同意西方列强，尤其是美国。
对于作为波兰公民的我来说，第二点仍然存在争议，并且在某种程度上我不得不同意波兰被出售两次的论点：1939 年和 1945 年。问问你自己的价格。
是的，请看我对类似问题的回答，重复如下：
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在雅尔塔首脑会议上，罗斯福、丘吉尔和斯大林一致认为，仅靠军事手段击败法西斯主义是不够的。他们当时和那里决定，作为国家的指导原则，法西斯主义必须在任何地方被根除。其中包括西班牙，在那里佛朗哥将军是法西斯主义的狂热拥护者，因此同意必须驱逐佛朗哥。为此制定了一个具体的计划。该计划要求以被流放的西班牙王位觊觎者 J 的名义恢复君主制。
这是一个专制国家。佛朗哥没有意识形态，他是一个想要生存并操纵西班牙法西斯分子的将军。二战结束后，他放弃了他们。他最好的支持者是军队和教会。50年代，他与艾辛豪威尔政府下的美国政府签署了一项条约。一半的西班牙人支持他的政策，而其他人则适应这种情况，因为他们觉得自己的生活正在改善。
当然，并非所有人都同意。根本没有民主。
The simple answer is it didn’t function, at all. There were 4 phases to this non-functionality:
1.) Apr/1931 - 1939: This period begins with the overthrow of the monarchy and contemplates (i.) the 2nd Republic, and (ii.) the Civil War. At no time did the monarchy play any role in the affairs of State.
2.) Apr/1939 - 1947: During this period, General Franco both ruled as a despot while declining to take any meaningful measures to define his Regime, statutorily, beyond the flesh & bones of his own person.
3.) 1947–1969: In 1947, Franco enacted legislation to formally define Spain as a Monarchy. Thi
Depends on who you were. If, like me, you’re Jewish, Nazi Germany would have been worse. They wouldn’t have let us live at all. If you were a old Bolshevik or an intellectual, they would have been equally bad. If you were a Ukrainian peasant in the early 1930s or an army officer in the late 30s, Stalin’s USSR would have been worse than for a German peasant or a German officer at almost any point. If you were a Soviet citizen in 1942–44, Stalin’s USSR would have been terrible. But not because of Stalin. Because hundreds of thousands of Nazis were swarming all over the place killing tens of mill
This is not even a close comparison.
Franco was authoritarian and ruthless, but he was not a mad saddist psychopath.
Franco killed those who were a serious or potential threat to his view of Spain or his power. But he had no systematic plan to kill or enslave anyone.
One just has to look at how each of them rose to power.
Franco considered the 2nd Republic an ineffective corrupt regime which threatened the Catholic and traditional values of Spain. This was a view shared by most of the army who after the 19th century had gotten used to intervene in the government as another political player, and af
He already was the Fascist leader, having won the Civil War 1936-39. We won WW2 but failed to kick him off his perch. I guess he made the good old anti-Communist pitch…!
Died in 1975…!
Why is Mussolini in Italy not given the same treatment as Hitler is in Germany,
The deathtoll of Hitler is so enormous solely the Right Wing of the the AFD tries to whitewash him.
The comparison between Mussolini and Franco is more evident.
Mussolini caused around over one million deaths directly but mainly in the African colonies. However, he was the reason of much suffering worldwide thanks to his joining World War TWO.. And the wretched Republic of Salo actively contributed to the Holocaust.
Franco did NOT actively contribute to the Holocaust. The suffering of his Regime was narrowed down to on
Today, living in China or in Venezuela mean equally living under a dictatorial regime. Both situations are not really the same, though. 50 years ago, it was also different to live under the Francoist dictatorship or under a communist tiranny.
We can recover what Alexandr Solzhenitsyn (in Spanish only) commented during his visit to Spain in 1976, wen Franco had already died but Francoism was ailing but still alive. The Soviet Nobel winner said:
“Your liberals say that the current Spanish regime is a dictatorship. I have been traveling through Spain for ten days and I have been shocked. Do you kno
Yes, Franco was concerned that German forces might attack Spain to get to Gibraltar, which was British-held. Franco played a complex game with Hitler, demanding German economic concessions that he knew couldn’t be granted. Spain had just experienced a three year civil war, and was in pretty poor shape. Most historians agree that Spain couldn’t handle more armed conflict— people were even starving in some provinces. Franco, while being a conservative authoritarian, recognized a danger in Hitler’s regime— extreme anti-Semitism. He had Spanish diplomats across Europe offer protection to any Jews
Groan. I feel compelled to answer this question not because I feel competent, but because of the number of answers that qualify as either Nazi apologia or attempts to demonize the (present-day) political left by intentionally conflating it with Stalin's totalitarianism.
I was born a decade after Stalin's death, but on the wrong side of the Iron Curtain. So I experienced communism first-hand: I spent the first 23 years of my life there, before “voting with my feet”, emigrating to Canada. Sure, I did not experience the fear and terror that characterized hardline Stalinism, only the stagnation and
No, that is overkill
The monsters of Hitler’s category killed many millions. To these massmurderers also belong the absolute master, Mao Tse Tung, Stalin, Pol Pot and in the further past Tamerlane and Genghis Khan.
Comrade Joseph Stalin
It would be safer to compare Franco with Mussolini. However, Franco’s Spain was never the Hell on Earth the Republic of Salo was…
Benito Mussolini
Quantity; The victims of the Civil War in Spain were around one million. However, a large part was killed by Republicans. Not to mention the terrible infighting in Catalonia; such a great example! But Franco was not respo
Only one person on Earth knows, and he will never tell.
After Hitler had killed himself, the Nazis ran into his study and found he and his wife dead. Hitler had shot himself and his wife had most likely died due to cyanide poisoning. His troops then wrapped his body in their Nazi flag and burned Hitler’s remains. He was then buried.
The Soviets then dug up the body some time after and found Hitler’s remains with his two dogs. After making sure the body was his, the Soviets moved it around until they eventually decided that they would trust KGB agent Vladimir Gumenyuk to find a place to dispose o
“Why was Franco against Stalin? Why did Franco hate Stalin? “
在 1930 年代，西班牙共和国与各种共产主义结盟。佛朗哥参加的 1936 年政变/起义非常反对共产党人及其与苏联的联系以及斯大林领导的共产国际。在西班牙内战期间，共和国的军队被称为“红军”。对于佛朗哥和其他起义领导人来说，斯大林是西班牙的敌人。
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