“伏特加是如何与俄罗斯联系得如此紧密的？”
这是“游客的偏见”在起作用。
早到
正如 nGram 在本文末尾显示的那样，在俄罗斯帝国的工业化过程中，英语来源中提到伏特加的频率逐渐上升。
越来越多的外国人来我们国家做生意。热情好客的主人为他们提供了美酒佳肴。由于莫斯科和圣彼得堡的啤酒和葡萄酒质量参差不齐，伏特加酒通常是餐桌上的首选酒精饮料。
欢迎饮品
此外，伏特加还具有“即时振作起来”的功能，就像如今豪华派对上香槟酒杯所填充的那样。没有比一起喝醉更好的方式来与未来的商业伙伴、姻亲和未来的目标建立联系了。
我们俄罗斯人是没有耐心的人。如果可以选择，我们更喜欢快速到达目的地。烈性酒以及一次击倒你的镜头的要求，让我们到达那里。或者在某个地方，这就是它的魔力。
外国人从俄罗斯的冒险中带回的充满伏特加乐趣的故事层出不穷。有一天，数量变成了质量。在全世界流行的想象中，俄罗斯成为了“伏特加之国”。
在稀缺中挥洒自如
然后是苏联统治和稀缺。直到第二次世界大战，共产党人都忠于他们的进步主义滴酒不沾的起源。但战争的创伤是深刻的。这个国家需要治愈。斯大林和后来的统治者发现没有什么比让人们尽情饮酒更好的了。
同样，稀缺决定了简单的解决方案。我们没有足够的投入、设备或存储空间来为数千万口渴的消费者提供像样的啤酒和葡萄酒。工业生产的烈性酒占据了中心舞台。
到 1960 和 70 年代苏联开放国际交往时，伏特加已成为我们显而易见的饮品皇后。
连接人们
除此之外，在苏联，非意识形态、非进步主义的场所和场合的选择非常有限，可以聚会和社交。
厨房、户外野餐和城市后院是男人——通常是女人——会面的地方，他们通过“做三件事”(soobrazítj na troíkh ) 一起坐下来共度美好时光。他们买了一瓶伏特加，三人一饮而尽。就醉酒值而言，三分之一的 0.5 升 40% 蒸馏酒精被认为是最佳的。你对生活和你的朋友有了更美好的看法，但也足够清醒，可以在之后步行回家（或上班）。
持不同政见者、外国游客和西方记者在外国媒体上描绘这幅画并不迟。到目前为止，伏特加作为俄罗斯生活方式的标志似乎在全球范围内根深蒂固——即使烈性酒的消费量在后苏联时代已经大大减少。
补充阅读
在下面的苏联卡通片中，政府的励志演说家试图向反应迟钝的苏联听众强调理性饮酒的理念。
他身后的海报上写着“今天的主题：对抗酗酒！” 夏季的露天公园竞技场显然吸引了大多数人群前往恰恰相反的地方。有些昏倒了。其他人则在孤独中喝酒——从俄罗斯人的角度来看，没有找到一个喝酒的伙伴，这表明他们可悲的社交无能和可能是晚期酒精中毒。
下面的文字说：“反酒精运动与酒精公司” 。这是一个文字游戏。俄语中的 Campaign 和 company 几乎是同一个词。
“三饮”是一种严格的社交礼仪，是我们最接近负责任饮酒的方式。下面，一家苏联酒馆的售货员和两名顾客用共产党官方话说话：“你为什么不开始诉讼？” — “我们还没有达到法定人数” 。
左边的人向准备好参与的人示意。与完全陌生的人“三步走”比一个人喝醉更容易接受。将一瓶伏特加酒的成本分成三份也可以得出更好的影响力与金钱的比率。
下面是 1980 年代的卡通片。三位年轻女士在讨论她们的婚姻观时“三思而后行”。“现在，让我们为结婚的酒鬼干杯”。
下面，一个 Ngram 显示了英语来源中提到的伏特加酒的发生率。1861 年农奴制的废除开启了俄罗斯的工业化进程，在世纪之交吸引了大量外国投资。越来越多的外国人前来亲身体验俄罗斯的热情好客。
1910 年代后期的激增似乎与第一次世界大战中与同盟国的跨境接触增加有关。
下面是俄罗斯来源中伏特加与葡萄酒的发生率。在俄罗斯帝国，“葡萄酒”而不是伏特加是首选的酒精饮料。在面向大众市场的工业化生产的酒出现之前，在当时的下层阶级中，任何发酵酿造的酒都被称为“酒”。例如月光的“粮酒”。
农村的一些人仍然坚持用水果和浆果酿造葡萄酒的传统。城市人将其改造成用水果、浆果和香草调味的原味伏特加。然后，它不再是伏特加，而是nastóika（“酊剂”、“药水”）。
可能是因为他们是第一个对其进行标准化的人。在标准出现之前，伏特加可以是从“这只是水吗”到“我的嘴巴着火了”的任何强度。这被认为是不方便的，所以沙皇（不记得具体是哪一位）与伟大的化学家门捷列夫（你应该从元素周期表的发明中知道）签约，以提出合适的标准。门捷列夫开始工作，经过几年的努力，发布了新的俄罗斯标准：伏特加应该是一种仅由谷物和/或土豆制成的蒸馏酒，酒精含量正好为 40 体积％。从那以后，这一直是唯一可接受的伏特加定义*。
为什么恰好是 40 vol-%？好吧，芬兰的 Koskenkorva 是 38 vol-%，显然是因为据说如果你直接从冰箱里喝这种东西，你就再也尝不出酒精的味道了。我认为门捷列夫在味觉测试中使用了那些年（即两年国家赞助的弯曲器）并最终得到了类似的结果。
*不是意大利人，如果你用葡萄酿造它必须是酿酒过程中剩下的，你就不能称之为伏特加。为什么你甚至想要 - 格拉巴酒是美妙的东西！
部分原因是地理原因。主要酒精饮料大致分为三类。在南欧有葡萄酒，再往北一点是啤酒，再往北一点是伏特加或类似的东西。这么远的北方不能种植葡萄酒，但啤酒和伏特加带可能也是气候的原因。
（灰色表示没有可用数据）
此外，随着现代交通和反对烈性酒的运动，地图看起来有点不同。
基于 2016 年的数据。
Vodka tinctures with herbs and berries also are, for example a vodka Zubrowka (Buffalowka). The traditional Russian production of drinking mead in large quantities has been a bit difficult, and not everyone could afford it. In winter, carrying kegs of beer and cider was inconvenient, because they froze on the way. The ancestors of the Italians from the Republic of Genua who brought vodka had a great influence on the alcohol drinking culture, but for the first two and half centuries people did not like vodka due its taste. But the very first vodka-like drinks were made by Arab alchemists, befor
We Russians like to think of ourselves as a no-nonsense people. Vodka is a no-nonsense drink. We make a great pair.
Wine, beer and the rest of the stuff involve too much of gustatory and olfactory factors. Too cumbersome to produce, shelf life as a factor of quality, the confusion of picking the right sort. You bring in your buddies, and they drink—and someone always comments on something that is not all perfect about the taste, or smell, or color, or vintage. Neither mismatches with the food and the occasion will ever go unnoticed. This is all so irritating!
Vodka makes you free. Correctly brew
The oldest alcoholic drink of Ancient Rus was, probably, mead. Russia has a lot a woods, and, in old times, woods had plenty of wild bees (Nothern Rus was actually a major exporter of beeswax). But the barley-based beer was also known for a very long time. There was also an ancient mix of mead and beer, the first Rus cocktail.
Also, kvass historically was more alcoholic than it is now. It was closer to modern beer in its alcohol content.
Probably because of the simplicity of producing this alcohol. All you need is the vegetable peelings, the fermentation is done in just a couple of days, distill it and you have it. My brother uses potato peelings, he says they are best suited.
During the two World Wars, there were probably a great amount of vegetable peelings in the military kitchens. So during a war, nothing edible or drinkable was waisted. After a hard day of crawling in the mud, you could warm up with some vodka.
In the German army they did the same thing, but they call it “(nameofthevegetable) - Schnaps “
Vodka in Russia has never been made from potatoes. Its second name is "bread wine" and it was made from wheat.
Decreasing the alcohol consumption was not really the goal of this law. It is supposed to encourage the alcohol consumption culture of people and hopefully to prevent their health damage or death. For instance if one gets drunk at night in winter he could easily freeze to death and none will be out there for help as the streets are empty.
If private parties go on through the night they may disturb other people who are at rest, therefore the law protects the rights of those who want to enjoy the quiet. This is not to say that all people who happen to drink at night at home are loudmouth alcoholi
There is some truth in that statement. But it’s only got limited applicability. Time, place and people, to name three.
During the Soviet period of our history:
- Vodka definitely was a typical drink of choice for working and lower-middle class people in the mid-northern and far-northern regions. Less so at the southern regions, which traditionally drank more (normal) wine rather than vodka. In the summer people often switched to wine and beer, or even kvas (traditional, very low spirit content, slightly sweet drink — akin to weak beer or cider). There were lots of jokes about “warm vodka”, a reall
The cheapest one on the shelf is the favourite. Really.
The majority of vodka consumers are the poorest people. They don't choose a brand, they choose a price, and vodka is the most affordable strong drink on the market. Also, there are lots of local vodka brands which can only be found in a certain areas. They win over large brands because they offer a more competitive price.
Unlike whiskey or other strong drinks, vodka is quite a simple product. It is just alcohol mixed with water in right proportions. It doesn't need to mature in wooden casks made by virgins on the third day after the full mo
Brief History of Russia from Lenin to Putin
Right after Lenin had died, it turned out the second man in power Trotsky was a traitor. Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin and Stalin dethroned him and kicked out of the USSR.
But in two years, it turned out Kamenev, Zinoviev and Bukharin were enemies of the state and vermin. And so comrade Henrich Yagoda shot them.
A bit later, turned out Yagoda was a foreign agent and was shot by Ezhov.
In two years, it transpired that Ezhov was no comrade, but an ordinary traitor and a foreign agent and he was shot by Beriya.
After Stalin’s death, it became clear that Beriya
One of my best buddies in New Zealand was a Russian rocket scientist (yes, really!) who worked for the Americans in Antarctica. I have no idea why a rocket scientist needs to work in Antarctica, but the point is, he refused to drink American vodka, and insisted that there is one simple indicator to tell good vodka from bad vodka that works every time:
43% alcohol.
Any less, and it’s no longer proper vodka. Apparently, 43% are some sort of cutoff point were the grades of alcohol prevalent in the mix are getting more pure, which translates directly into less hangover the following day. I’ve been h
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