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在俄国内战期间,布尔什维克政权如何能够同时与如此多的敌人作战(详见评论)?

 在俄国内战期间,布尔什维克政权如何能够同时与如此多的敌人作战(详见评论)?


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红军和白军中的沙皇军官人数。数字


关于布鲁西洛夫的材料展开了讨论- 俄罗斯帝国军队的军官在公民中的白人和红人之间的比例是多少。研究的精髓在 V. Kozhinov 的书中给出。二十世纪”(前身:一位具有明显君主主义倾向的作家,从某种意义上说,是一位反苏维埃作家):

“谁知道如何收集信息 V.V. 舒尔金在 1929 年写道——现在看来,这是正确的——“几乎一半的总参谋部军官留在了布尔什维克。还有多少普通军官,没有人知道,但有很多” [52], MV 纳扎罗夫提到了移民 A.K. 将军的一篇文章。Baiov(顺便说一下,他的兄弟 K.K. Baiov 中将曾在红军服役!),1932 年在巴黎报纸“哨兵”上发表,优秀的军事历史学家 A.G. Kavtaradze,1988 年在莫斯科出版。但是 M.B. 纳扎罗夫完全相信 A.K. 的形象。无法计算红军军官人数的拜约夫。与此同时,A.G. 根据文件,Kavtaradze 确定了在红军中服役的将军和总参谋部军官的人数(其中绝大多数出现在他的书中,甚至连名字都提到了),事实证明,他们中的 33% 不是 20%总人数最终进入了红军。[53]

      根据 A.G. Kavtaradze,70,000-75,000 人,即约占其总人数的 30%(比总参谋部军官中的比例小,这有其重要的原因)。然而,即使是这个数字——30%——本质上也令人迷惑。因为,作为 A.G. Kavtaradze,另外 30% 的军官在 1917 年发现自己根本没有服兵役(op. cit., p. 117)。这意味着到 1918 年,在可用的军官中,不是 30%,而是大约 43% 在红军中服役,而 57%(约 100,000 人)在白军中服役。



但事实尤其具有表现力的是,来自“俄罗斯军队军官团中最有价值和训练有素的部分 - 总参谋部军官团”(第 181 页)639 人(包括 252 名将军)最终加入了红军,占 1917 年 10 月后继续服役的总参谋部军官的 46%——实际上是大约一半;白军中大约有 750 人(同上,第 196-197 页)。因此,几乎一半最好的部分,即俄罗斯军官团的精英,都在红军服役!

      直到最近,给出的数字还不为人所知:无论是白军还是红军都不想承认这一历史事实(因为这揭示了他们战胜白军的真实原因之一,但不是为了尊重他们);然而,这仍然是不争的事实。顺便说一句,小说对它进行了相当大的重现;让我们至少回忆一下 A.N. 中总参谋部 Roshchin 上校的形象。托尔斯泰。但是,这种完全具有时代特征的形象被大多数读者视为一种例外,与“规范”背道而驰。当然,人们可以尝试争辩说,将军和军官是在胁迫下,或出于饥饿,或为了随后向白军过渡而加入红军的(但是,从白军加入红军的军官比副军官多得多)反之亦然)。但是在选择的时候 成千上万的人都做出了这样的解释,这样的解释似乎并不可靠。毫无疑问,情况要复杂得多。

      顺便说一下,最近公布了一项计算(我引用)“在正规红军队伍中参加内战的职业军官总数是参加内战的职业军官人数的 2 倍以上在白军一方的敌对行动中”( “历史问题”,1993 年,N 6,第 189 页)。但这显然是夸张了。“足够的”; 事实上,白军的军官人数并没有大大超过红军的人数。
* * *

要了解身处白人阵营的爱国者的心态,请阅读 Ya.A 将军的回忆录。斯拉切夫。当然,还有 A.N. 托尔斯泰《走过苦难》。
* *
Bylym 供参考:V.V. 舒尔金 -接受退位的君主主义者尼古拉二世与十月党领袖 A.I. 古奇科夫。
__________________________________
[52] Shulgin V.V. 我们不喜欢他们的地方
[53] Kavtaradze A.G. “ 1917-1920 年为苏维埃共和国服务的军事专家”。

阿克图斯——你在说谎!!!!!!
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"Итак, почти половина лучшей части, элиты российского офицерского корпуса служила в Красной армии!"
У них родственники были в заложниках. Как красные могут мучить и убивать заложников они видели.
Про то что из под палки нельзя хорошо воевать это идеалистические глупости. Еще спартанцы со своими элотами это доказали.
Ловкая манипуляция. Где офицеры-дворяне в Великую отечественную? Остались единицы. Например,

Аполлон Яковлевич Крузе (15 (27) декабря 1892, Санкт-Петербург — 6 мая 1967, Ленинград) — советский военачальник, генерал-лейтенант. Единственный военачальник, получивший чин генерала сначала в белогвардейских войсках, а затем в Красной Армии и не подвергавшийся репрессиям.

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Круз…
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Navskidku:Alexey Alekseevich Ignatiev 伯爵,Dmitry Karbyshev。Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich,沙皇军队将军,以及 Alexander Alexandrovich Samoilo。
  • d_zykin
也许只有新苏联人才会这样写:“V.V. Shulgin 是一位接受尼古拉二世退位的君主主义者。” 这句话的荒谬之处显而易见,就像在毛茸茸的光头上开水一样。君主制和退位。
  • d_zykin
舒尔金是著名的反君主主义煽动者。科学博士谢尔盖沃尔科夫拥有军官团的真实数据。
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就像普鲁士在七年战争中能够与如此多的敌人作战一样。内线和中心位置使他们能够依次面对每个敌人并勉强击败或遏制他们。另请参阅第一次世界大战中的德国如何在困难重重的情况下生存这么久。以色列也是另一个很好的例子,因为在她的许多战争中,以色列国防军能够按顺序将以色列国防军集中在不同的战线上。空中力量的出现使这成为一个更大的力量倍增器。

更重要的是,红军并不需要立即与敌人作战。当我研究内战时,我发现白人在盛大的时候是多么悲伤

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主要是三个因素

  • 内战是布尔什维克、反革命分子和农民之间的三方战争。从1919年开始,布尔什维克与农民结盟,这决定了结果
  • 大约一半的沙皇官员转向了布尔什维克。他们还接管了大部分武器和弹药。托洛茨基作为总司令的才华充分发挥了他们的才能。
  • 反革命分子没有团结的事业。甚至被视为沙皇忠诚堡垒的哥萨克人也深深地分裂了。

标志性图片“白色俄罗斯。德米特里·别柳金 (Dmitriy Belyukin) 的《出埃及记》显示了 1920 年放弃克里米亚海岸的反革命分子的极端不团结。留下的人很快就死在红军的刀枪弹下。

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> 大约一半的沙皇官员转向了布尔什维克

我不知道。它是如何以及为什么发生的?

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之所以发生这种情况,要么是因为他们被革命者的理想说服了,要么是因为方便。许多人,尤其是在较低级别的人,来自部队或出身低下,只是贫穷和识字少一点。许多来自中层和一些上层的人出身于较富裕的阶层,但仍然认同马克思主义者的观点。许多处于中上层的人选择了他们认为可以获胜的一方以保住自己的排名

Daniel Vianna 的头像

这是概念化它的好方法。那么,除了马赫诺之外,还有谁组成了农民党?您是否将其他马克思主义/社会主义者与反动派混为一谈?

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如今,多样性在美国常被称为一种力量。然而,俄罗斯内战的胜利者是能够更好地掩饰分歧,直到领导人强大到足以对他们进行暴力镇压的一方。

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Rastislav Galia 的头像

迪马,你在 1918 年写过关于农民的文章。如今,俄罗斯农村的照片显示出令人生畏的画面。您是否认为革命前俄罗斯的农村生活在精神上没有那么贫困?

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布尔什维克不得不对抗的各种力量并不统一。白军分布在该国的不同地区,没有统一性。他们做了非常愚蠢的事情。例如,当弗兰格尔的军队从法国支持的黑海基地入侵乌克兰时,他们开始杀害参与征地的农民,并试图将大庄园还给可恨的地主。

农民夺取了大地主的土地(以及富有的商业农民——富农的土地)。他们说得很清楚,他们不相信私人单声道

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White (anti-Bolshevik) forces certainly had a chance. Reds got about 40% of the former Imperial Army officers, Whites eventually got another 40%. In this important regard, their forces were kinda equal. Also, Whites had foreign support.

The real question of the Civil War was the question of politicians. Because politicians, generally speaking, are people who build the state and create popular support for it. It turned out that the Soviet politicians were better at politics.

White forces were dominated by generals and admirals. They knew about war and command structures, but they had no experienc

Alongside a fear of Socialist uprising in Western Europe and economic problems worldwide, one of the major factors why foreign powers didn't do more to stop Bolshevism was because of a lack of commitment and reason to intervene.

For foreign powers in World War One, intervening in Russia was 100% necessary. The Allies for one needed to make sure their leased supplies to Russia did not fall into Bolshevik and then German hands. Likewise for the Central powers, it was vital to make sure Bolshevik and White Russia stayed neutral and did not make a surprise return into the war siding again with Brit

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Because their enemies had an equally large number of enemies?

For example the circular firing squad in Ukraine Russian reds, ukrainian reds, ukrainian socialists, ukrainian whiles (monarchists) and Poles all of which vigoriously battled all the others

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From my Understanding the Key of the Bolshevik Victory came from their control of West Russia, when the October Revolution kicked in and Petrograd fell it automatically turned the then Russian Empire in disarray, without a centralized capital the Russian Government basically liquidized under the event of Political crises that just arrived, the Revolution spread to other big cities Moscow Fell Afterward, Saratov, Rostov, and Kaluga Followed, by the end of 1919 The Bolshevik had control of the Heavily Industrialized Western Part of Russia, they also have the Trans-Siberian Railway mostly under t

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This is an interesting question.

Well, first of all we need to look at why they failed.

  1. Geography. The Reds were in the more industrial and developed part of Russia, with urban centres such as Moscow, Petrograd and even Tsaritsyn. This meant that they could fight a largely defensive war whilst the Whites couldn't and weren't in such a position and just exhausted their resources.
  2. White disunity. The Whites were mess of many different groups with no unity. You could point out Kolchak's Provisional All-Russian Government and Denikin's Armed Forces of South Russia even Yudenich's Northwestern Army. B

The most immediate issue is that Russia is invading Ukraine. But, of course, that is not the beginning of the story. I am very sympathetic to the Ukrainian people in this war, but I will try my best to give a balanced perspective, though the information at my disposal is admittedly limited. I do not expect any reader of this text to believe that Russian aggression was justified. My aim is simply to provide pushback against the idea that Putin is entirely deranged and divorced from reality. As a way of background, let me highlight the following:

  • When the Cold War ended a generation ago, the West
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Well, Poland - in a way - did.

I know, I know: Poles brag how they victoriously saved Europe from Bolsheviks in 1920, so how could they support them?

Let me tell.

The outbreak of hostilities between Poland and Bolsheviks started very quickly, in 1919th, while the civil war in Russia was still indecisive.

What was happening then was Poles fighting Bolsheviks and Bolsheviks fighting the White Army, while there was no open hostility between Poles and Whites.

As you can imagine, this situation is a bit peculiar. You have a common enemy, but it’s actually the only thing (and the distance) that keeps you

The abdication of Czar Nicholas II in 1917 left the personnel of his Imperial army “masterless”. The Russian Republic proclaimed by the Provisional Government wasn’t constituted properly. The idea was that a Constitutional Assembly would decide how Russia would be ruled—but the Communists prevented this from happening.

No defection

Therefore, it was largely up to the officers themselves to decide which side to pick. “Defecting” is the wrong word here. Formally, there wasn’t anything to defect from.

It’s hardwired in the Russian mindset to acknowledge as the rightful ruler anyone who sits on the t

It certainly was a civil war. As in most civil wars, there were more than two factions, and also a large uncommitted part of the population. In the Ukraine there were Reds, Whites (pro-Czar and others), Anarchists, at least three kinds of Ukrainian nationalists, local ethnic groups, bandits and anti-Semites (as well, of course, as Germans, Poles, Ruthenians..).

Overall, support for the former regime was very weak, mostly among ex-military and landowners. There was a small liberal element, a group for some kind of new autocracy, a large group of socialists (Mensheviks and others) and the communi

I won’t much get into the discussion yet, but it is Makhno, not Maknov.

Makhno’s anarchist army devastated the White Army rear echelons and logistics lines during Denikin’s 1919 Moscow offensive, which started in the White Army bastion of Crimea. As such, Makhno’s actions furthered the success of Lenin’s bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.

In return, the bolsheviks destroyed Makhno’s anarchist movement in its southeastern and eastern Ukrainian base area. This same region, already known for revolutionary activities, was widely depopulated during the Holodomor, a scant dozen years after Makhn

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