酷刑报告
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在采访前政治犯时，我对许多人报告说他们曾遭受过酷刑感到震惊。 来自不同省份的前政治犯报告说， 酷刑是审讯期间的标准操作程序。 鉴于约有150万人因930运动而被拘留，可以推测有数十万人遭受了酷刑。 从以下事实可以推断出这种做法的普遍性： 从审讯室毫发无损地回来的前政治犯 常常不得不向他们的同伴解释他们怎么可能幸免于难。 囚犯们怀疑任何身体未受伤害的人 都是同意与审讯者合作的。 |
When interviewing former political
prisoners, I was struck by how many reported that they had been tortured. Former political prisoners from a great
variety of provinces reported that torture was standard operating procedure
during the interrogations.5 Torture appears to have been practiced
more frequently in some districts and some military units than in others.6 Not enough data are available, or will
ever be available, to establish precisely the total number of torture victims. Given that about 1.5 million people were detained in
relation to the September 30th Movement, it is safe to assume that hundreds
of thousands of people were tortured. The prevalence of the practice can be
inferred from the fact that former political prisoners who returned unharmed
from the interrogation rooms often had to explain to their fellow prisoners
how it was possible for them to have been spared. Prisoners suspected anyone whose body was
unscathed of having agreed to collaborate with the interrogators. |
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就受害者的数量而言，这是人类历史上最严重的酷刑案件之一。 令人不解的是，它并没有被确认为酷刑。 关于酷刑的学术文献很少提到印度尼西亚的案件。7 缺乏原始材料可能导致了这种忽视。 國際特赦組織在其开创性的《酷刑报告》（1973年）中提到，它的档案中来自印度尼西亚的 "第一手资料相对较少"。8 它能够从其他国家，如希腊和阿根廷收集到更多的酷刑资料。 记载较多的案件吸引了更多学者的关注。 |
In terms of the number of victims,
this was one of the worst cases of torture in human history. It is puzzling that it has not been
recognized as such. The scholarly literature on torture rarely
mentions the Indonesian case.7 The lack of source material may have
resulted in this neglect. Amnesty International mentioned in its
pioneering Report on Torture (1973) that it had “comparatively few
first-hand accounts” from Indonesia in its files.8 It was able to collect many more
accounts of torture from other countries, such as Greece and Argentina. The cases that have been better documented
have attracted more scholarly attention. Moreover, there has not been a single
poignant autobiographical book written by a victim of the torture in
Indonesia similar to the now-iconic books by Henri Alleg, Jean Améry, and
Jacobo Timerman.9 |
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