連胡志明也有需要沉默的時候

 連胡志明也有需要沉默的時候

5.0 de 5 estrellas 愤世嫉俗的世界中的一个理想主义者

2011年5月15日评价于美国

皮埃尔-布罗休在这本引人入胜的书中深入描绘了何叔的形象，他的政治生活目标、他的哲学、他的政策、他的战术和他最终的可怕的孤立。

目标和政策

在政治上，胡志明在两点上是不妥协的：越南的统一和主权。他显然首先是一个民族主义者，其次是一个完全非正统的共产主义者。他创建了一个自治的越南共产党，从而使自己受到斯大林和他的共产国际的侮辱，被说成是 "一个共产主义的乡巴佬"。

对胡叔来说，民族问题总是与社会问题联系在一起。解放国家需要包括农民在内的所有爱国力量的团结和动员。这是一个完全反马克思主义的立场。此外，他称一党制是好的，"只有当党是好的"。

哲学

对胡叔来说，所有的人都应该摆脱殖民主义的蔑视和羞辱。

他的共产主义是一种改革和所有阶级之间的合作，而不是一种对抗。他的主要目标是平等，因为平等可以消除贫困。

他对民族国家的看法有一个道德层面，基于孟子的学说：健康的童年，教育和义务劳动，严厉谴责寄生主义和老年人的休息。但是，他也很天真，非常理想化：革命之后，我们都将 "彼此相爱"。

战术

他的主要策略是争取时间：在面对面的接触中逐步谈判，在没有马克思主义术语的直接对话中。

但是，当他了解到戴高乐不惜一切代价试图恢复法国的皇权以支持其国际角色时，他毫不犹豫地做出了决定："好吧，我们将战斗。

梦想破灭

当越南共产党倒在中国的旗帜下时，它经历了一次毛泽东式的 "整顿"。它建立了一个压迫和暴力的政权，在心理恐怖主义和思想控制中堕落。它组织了公开指责和处决。所有政治、知识和艺术方面的分歧都被压制，经济发展集中在国家计划中。

土地改革导致了大屠杀，破坏了村庄的团结。但是，几年后，新成立的小农户被迫将他们的财产纳入集体农场。

被边缘化和孤立

当恣意權力的官僚和他们的中国朋友掌握了越南的所有权力时，胡叔被排挤、孤立，被当作一个象征，成为他们手中的玩具。甚至他的信件也被彻底控制。30年后，他的妻子试图与他联系，但她的信也被撕碎了。胡叔叔不得不忘记过去发生的一切。

胡志明向世界展示了 "个人行动的能力"（Bertrand Russell）。

他使他的国家摆脱了所有的殖民国家，只是在尴尬的沉默中与 "他的 "政治局共进晚餐。正如皮埃尔-布罗休在他的座右铭中所说，胡叔是一个理想主义者，对他来说，历史变成了个人的失望。

皮埃尔-布罗休的作品应该成为所有传记作者的榜样。必须阅读。

通过www.DeepL.com/Translator（免费版）翻译

5.0 de 5 estrellas An idealist in a cynical world

Calificado en Estados Unidos el 15 de mayo de 2011

Pierre Brocheux brushes in this fascinating book an in depth portrait of Uncle Ho, the aims of his political life, his philosophy, his policies, his tactics and his ultimate terrible isolation.

Aims and policies
Politically, Ho Chi Minh was intransigent on two points: the unity and the sovereignty of Vietnam. He was clearly first of all a nationalist, and in the second place a totally unorthodox communist. He created an autonomous Vietnamese communist Party, thereby exposing himself to insults by Stalin and his Komintern of being `a communist troglodyte'.
For Uncle Ho, the national question was always linked to the social one. Liberating the country needed the unity and the mobilization of all patriotic forces including the peasants. This was a completely anti-Marxist position. Moreover, he called a one Party system good, `only if the Party is good'.

Philosophy
For Uncle Ho, all people should be free from the scorn and humiliation of colonialism.
His communism was one of reform and collaboration between all the classes, not one of confrontation. His main goal was equality, because equality cancels poverty.
His vision of the nation State had an ethical dimension, based on the doctrine of Mencius: a healthy childhood, education and mandatory work, severe condemnation of parasitism and rest for the elderly. But, he was also naïve and very idealistic: after the revolution we will all `love each other'.

Tactics
His major tactic was buying time: gradual negotiations in face-to-face encounters, in direct dialogue without Marxist jargon.
But, when in fine he understood that de Gaulle would, at all costs, try to restore France's imperial power in order to support its international role, he took without hesitation the decision `All right, we will fight.'

Dreams shattered
When the Vietnamese CP fell under the banner of the Chinese, it underwent a Maoist `rectification'. It installed an oppressive and violent regime, which degenerated in psychological terrorism and thought control. It organized public accusations and executions. All political, intellectual and artistic divergences were suppressed and economic development centralized in State planning.
The land reform lead to massacres and undermined village solidarity. But, after a few years the newly installed small peasants were forced to integrate their property in collective farms.

Sidelined and isolated
When the cynical apparatchiks and their Chinese friends grabbed all power in the Vietnamese PC, Uncle Ho was sidelined, isolated and used as a symbol, a toy in their hands. Even his correspondence was thoroughly controlled. After thirty years, his wife tried to contact him, but even her letters were shredded. Uncle Ho had to forget all what happened in the past.

Ho Chi Minh showed the world `what individual action is capable of' (Bertrand Russell).
He made his country free from all colonial powers, only to have dinner with `his' Politburo in an embarrassing silence. As Pierre Brocheux stated in his motto, Uncle Ho was an idealist for whom history turned into personal disappointment.
Pierre Brocheux' work should be an example for all biographers. A must read.