军事化的群众是不可战胜的

 

印度尼西亚的一些较为保守的分子对苏加诺向左转的做法感到不满。

其中最突出的是军队，但他们也包括一些穆斯林团体。

在该国的一些地区，当地的地主与PKI发生了低级别的冲突。

在一个非常温和的土地改革方案通过后，共产党主动向地主施压，要求他们尊重法律，从而导致了一些冲突，尤其是在东爪哇和巴厘岛。

Some of the more conservative elements in Indonesia were dissatisfied with Sukarno’s turn to the left.

 The most prominent of these was the Army, but they also included some Muslim groups.

 In some parts of the country, local landowners were in low-level conflict with the PKI.

 After the passage of a very moderate land reform package, the Communist Party took it upon itself to attempt to put pressure on landlords to respect the law, leading to some clashes, especially in East Java and Bali.34

 

苏加诺一直在考虑建立一支新的民兵队伍，即由普通人、工人和农民组成的国家 "第五部队"，这是一种与正规军并存的国家预备队。

中国曾敦促印度尼西亚人建立一支人民民兵，因为正如周恩来对外交部长苏班德里奥所说，"军事化的群众是不可战胜的"。

然而，军队反对这个想法，苏加诺计划很快与他们讨论这个问题。35

正如中央情报局在1965年5月指出的那样，PKI本身的 "武装叛乱潜力有限，几乎可以肯定的是，它不希望激起军队的公开反对。”36

Sukarno had been considering the creation of a new militia, a national “Fifth Force” composed of regular people, workers, and peasants, a kind of National Reserve that would exist alongside the regular soldiers.

 China had urged the Indonesians to create a people’s militia because, as Zhou Enlai told Foreign Minister Subandrio, “the militarized masses are invincible.”

 The Army was opposed to the idea, however, and Sukarno planned to talk about it with them soon.35 As the CIA noted in May 1965, the PKI itself had “only limited potential for armed insurgency and would almost certainly not wish to provoke the military into open opposition.”36

1965 年 8 月，苏加诺病倒了，一位中国医生为他治疗。

他建议总统减少工作量并 "在性生活方面有所节制"。

苏加诺拒绝了，政治内部人士开始担心如果他死了会怎么样。37

共产党领导人艾迪特去了北京，与毛泽东进行了会谈，我们有他们谈话的部分记录。

In August 1965, Sukarno fell ill and was treated by a Chinese doctor.

 He recommended the president reduce his workload and “exercise restraint in his sex life.”

 Sukarno refused, and political insiders began to worry about what would happen if he died.37

 Aidit, the leader of the Communist Party, went to Beijing and had a meeting with Mao, and we have a partial transcript of their conversation:

毛泽东。

我认为印尼右翼决心要夺取政权。

你也有决心吗？Mao: I think the Indonesian right wing is determined to seize power.

 Are you determined, too?

艾迪特：[点头]如果苏加诺死了，这将是一个谁占上风的问题。

Aidit: [Nods] If Sukarno dies, it would be a question of who gains the upper hand.

 

毛泽东。

我建议你不要经常出国。

你可以让你的副手去国外。

Mao: I suggest that you should not go abroad so often.

 You can let your deputy go abroad instead.

 

艾迪特：对于右翼来说，他们可以采取两种可能的行动。

第一，他们可以攻击我们。

如果他们这样做，我们就有理由进行反击。

第二，他们可以采取更温和的方法，建立一个纳萨孔政府....。

美国人告诉纳萨孔，他应该耐心等待；即使苏加诺去世，[武装部队首脑，纳萨孔将军]也应该灵活处理，而不是发动政变。

他接受了美国人的建议。

Aidit: For the right wing, they could take two possible kinds of actions.

 First, they could attack us.

 If they do so, we would have reasons to counterattack.

 Second, they could adopt a more moderate method by building a Nasakom government.…

The Americans told Nasution that he should wait patiently; even if Sukarno dies [head of the Armed Forces, General Nasution] should be flexible rather than start a coup.

 He accepted the suggestion from the Americans.

 

中国领导人对印尼军方及其在华盛顿的支持者的信任度大打折扣。

The Chinese leader was much less trusting of the Indonesian military and its backers in Washington.

 

毛泽东回应说："那是不可靠的。

目前的情况已经改变了。

”Mao responded, “That is unreliable.

 The current situation has changed.”

 

艾迪特随后描述了一个反击计划，在这个计划中，共产党可以建立一个军事委员会，混合左翼和中间分子，以避免举起 "红旗"，招致立即反对。

毛泽东把话题转移到他自己在中国国民党的经历上，也许是为了 "建议艾迪特为和平谈判和武装斗争做好准备"，据最近发掘出这段对话的历史学家陶茂周说，38

然而，艾迪特并没有为他的党准备任何武装斗争。

Aidit then described a counterattack plan in which the Communists could establish a military committee, mixing left and center elements so as not to raise the “red flag” and invite immediate opposition.

 Mao shifted the conversation to his own experience with the Chinese Nationalist Party, perhaps to make a “suggestion that Aidit should be prepared for both peace talks and armed struggles,” according to Taomo Zhou, the historian who recently unearthed this conversation.38

Aidit, however, did not prepare his party for any armed struggle.