逃亡中的纳粹：希特勒的追随者如何逃避法律制裁

 逃亡中的纳粹：希特勒的追随者如何逃避法律制裁

杰拉尔德-斯坦纳赫

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在《逃亡中的纳粹》一书中，历史学家杰拉尔德-斯坦纳赫提供了纳粹如何逃脱命运的真实故事。根据对新开放档案的广泛研究，斯坦纳赫不仅揭示了纳粹战犯是如何在第二次世界大战结束时逃脱法律制裁，通过蒂罗尔阿尔卑斯山逃往意大利海港的，而且他还强调了红十字会、梵蒂冈和大国的秘密机构所发挥的关键作用。该书对红十字国际委员会进行了严格审查，证明红十字会签发的身份证明文件使数以千计的纳粹分子、战犯和合作者--包括阿道夫-艾希曼和约瑟夫-门格尔--有可能从司法手中溜走，在南北美洲、西班牙和近东找到避难所。斯坦纳赫强调了南蒂罗尔州作为从德国到意大利的 "鼠线 "的重要性，还揭示了天主教会的许多领导人--有时是知情的，有时是不知情的--参与了大规模的纳粹走私活动，这往往是出于对共产主义即将接管意大利的恐惧。最后，本书记录了反间谍组织（中央情报局的前身）如何招募前党卫军人员为美国情报机构提供咨询，并将他们从苏联占领的奥地利和东欧地区偷渡到意大利，再转到南美。

Nazis on the Run: How Hitler's Henchmen Fled Justice

Gerald Steinacher

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In Nazis on the Run, historian Gerald Steinacher provides the true story of how the Nazis escaped their fate. Drawing on extensive research in newly opened archives, Steinacher not only reveals how Nazi war criminals escaped from justice at the end of the Second World War, fleeing through the Tyrolean Alps to Italian seaports, but he also highlights the key roles played by the Red Cross, the Vatican, and the Secret Services of the major powers. The book takes a hard look at the International Committee of the Red Cross, proving that identification papers issued by the Red Cross made it possible for thousands of Nazis, war criminals, and collaborators-including Adolf Eichmann and Josef Mengale-to slip through the hands of justice and to find refuge in North and South America, Spain, and the Near East. Steinacher underscores the importance of the South Tyrol as a "ratline" from Germany to Italy and also reveals that many leaders of the Catholic Church-sometimes knowingly, other times unwittingly-were involved in large-scale Nazi smuggling, often driven by the fear of an imminent communist takeover of Italy. Finally, the book documents how the Counter Intelligence Corps (the predecessor to the CIA) recruited former SS men to advise U.S. intelligence agencies and smuggled them out of Soviet-occupied areas of Austria and Eastern Europe into Italy and on to South America.