勃列日涅夫
苏珊娜-沙滕伯格
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勃列日涅夫担任苏联领导人长达十八年之久，这个任期的长度仅次于斯大林的任期。他主持了加速冷战的勃列日涅夫主义，并领导苏联通过灾难性的外交政策决定，如入侵阿富汗。对许多西方人来说，他应对苏联的停滞（对一些人来说甚至是崩溃）负责。但这段历史的大部分内容都是基于仅有的两本英文传记（都是在勃列日涅夫去世前出版的，没有获得档案资料）和勃列日涅夫本人令人吃惊的不真实的回忆录--为宣传目的而写。新近从德语翻译过来的Schattenberg的这本巨著，通过利用大量的档案研究和以前没有在英语中研究过的文件，系统地瓦解了将勃列日涅夫视为停滞不前的斯大林主义者的定型和一元化观点。出现的勃列日涅夫是一个复杂的人，从他早年不参与政治，梦想成为一名演员，到他在党内的迅速和令人惊讶的崛起。从他在赫鲁晓夫被赶下台并被任命为其继任者时被误解的角色，到他有些亲西方的外交政策目标、对权力的巧妙巩固和管理，以及最终陷入毒瘾和过早死亡。对沙腾伯格来说，这是一个有缺陷的、无效的理想主义者的故事--对西方来说，这本传记提供了一个令人信服的理由，即勃列日涅夫应被重新评价为20世纪最有趣和最重要的政治人物之一。
Brezhnev
Susanne Schattenberg
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Leonid Brezhnev was leader of the Soviet Union for eighteen years, a term of leadership second only in length to that of Stalin. He presided over the Brezhnev Doctrine, which accelerated the Cold War, and led the Soviet Union through catastrophic foreign policy decisions such as the invasion of Afghanistan. To many in the West, he is responsible for the stagnation (and to some even collapse) of the Soviet Union. But much of this history has been based on the only two English-language biographies (both published before Brezhnev's death and without access to archival sources) and Brezhnev's own astonishingly untrue memoirs – written for propaganda purposes. Newly translated from German, Schattenberg's magisterial book systematically dismantles the stereotypical and one-dimensional view of Brezhnev as the stagnating Stalinist by drawing on a wealth of archival research and documents not previously studied in English. The Brezhnev that emerges is a complex one, from his early apolitical years, when he dreamed of becoming an actor, through his swift and surprising rise through the Party ranks. From his hitherto misunderstood role in Khrushchev's ousting and appointment as his successor, to his somewhat pro-Western foreign policy aims, deft consolidation and management of power, and ultimate descent into addiction and untimely death. For Schattenberg, this is the story of a flawed and ineffectual idealist - for the West, this biography makes a convincing case that Brezhnev should be reappraised as one of the most interesting and important political figures of the twentieth century.
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