世界的明天：美国全球霸权的诞生

 明天的世界--美国全球霸主地位的诞生

斯蒂芬-沃特海姆

0 / 5.0 0 评论

一部新的历史解释了在准备参加第二次世界大战时，美国是如何以及为什么决定领导战后世界的。

在其历史上的大部分时间里，美国避免作出会使其陷入欧洲式强权政治的政治和军事承诺。

然后，突然间，它为自己设想了一个新的角色，成为世界上的武装超级大国--而且从未回头。

在《明天，世界》一书中，斯蒂芬-沃特海姆将美国的转变追溯到第二次世界大战的考验中，特别是在袭击珍珠港之前的几个月。

随着纳粹征服了法国，国家新外交政策的设计师们开始相信，美国应该在国际事务中永远取得首要地位。

学者们一直在努力解释追求全球霸主地位的决定。

一些人否认美国的精英们做出了自愿的选择，认为美国是一个不情愿的大国，只有在所有潜在的竞争者都成为废墟之后才摆脱了 "孤立主义"。

其他人则认为，美国一直觊觎全球主导地位，并在第一时间实现了它的野心。

这两种观点都是错误的。早在1940年，组成美国外交政策阶层的一小撮官员和专家，要么希望英国在全球事务中的优势地位继续下去，要么希望没有任何大国会占据主导地位。

然而，战争扫除了他们的假设，导致他们得出结论，美国应该将其法律和秩序的形式扩展到全球，并在枪口下支持它。

沃特海姆认为，没有人赞成 "孤立主义"--这是武装至上主义的倡导者提出的术语，目的是把他们自己的事业变成新的 "国际主义 "的定义。

沃特海姆警告说，我们现在生活在这些人创造的世界中。明日世界》是一部复杂而充满激情的叙述，它质疑美国至上主义的智慧，揭示了将我们带到今天的全球纠葛和无休止战争的知识路径。

Tomorrow the World - The Birth of U.S. Global Supremacy

Stephen Wertheim

0 / 5.0 0 comments 

A new history explains how and why, as it prepared to enter World War II, the United States decided to lead the postwar world.

For most of its history, the United States avoided making political and military commitments that would entangle it in European-style power politics. Then, suddenly, it conceived a new role for itself as the world’s armed superpower―and never looked back. In Tomorrow, the World, Stephen Wertheim traces America’s transformation to the crucible of World War II, especially in the months prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. As the Nazis conquered France, the architects of the nation’s new foreign policy came to believe that the United States ought to achieve primacy in international affairs forevermore.

Scholars have struggled to explain the decision to pursue global supremacy. Some deny that American elites made a willing choice, casting the United States as a reluctant power that sloughed off “isolationism” only after all potential competitors lay in ruins. Others contend that the United States had always coveted global dominance and realized its ambition at the first opportunity. Both views are wrong. As late as 1940, the small coterie of officials and experts who composed the U.S. foreign policy class either wanted British preeminence in global affairs to continue or hoped that no power would dominate. The war, however, swept away their assumptions, leading them to conclude that the United States should extend its form of law and order across the globe and back it at gunpoint. Wertheim argues that no one favored “isolationism”―a term introduced by advocates of armed supremacy in order to turn their own cause into the definition of a new “internationalism.”

We now live, Wertheim warns, in the world that these men created. A sophisticated and impassioned narrative that questions the wisdom of U.S. supremacy, Tomorrow, the World reveals the intellectual path that brought us to today’s global entanglements and endless wars.