诺门罕1939

 诺门罕1939

诺门罕，1939。塑造了第二次世界大战的红军的胜利

斯图尔特-D-戈德曼

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斯图尔特-戈德曼令人信服地指出，在诺门罕的满蒙边境发生的一场鲜为人知但又激烈的苏日冲突影响了第二次世界大战的爆发，并影响了战争的进程。作者利用日本、苏联和西方的资料，将这场看似不起眼的冲突--实际上是一场不宣而战的小规模战争--纳入其适当的全球地缘战略视角。

该书描述了苏联如何针对日本挑起的边界冲突，于1939年8月发动攻势，在诺门罕消灭了日本军队。与此同时，斯大林签署了《德苏互不侵犯条约》，使希特勒得以入侵波兰。作者认为，这些军事和外交打击的时间并不是巧合的。在与希特勒结成联盟，使东京在外交上被孤立的过程中，斯大林成功地避免了一场双线战争。他把与纳粹的盟约看作是让德国对抗英国和法国的一种方式，让苏联在一旁最终从欧洲冲突中捡到战利品，同时也让他有机会在诺门罕击溃日本人。

戈德曼不仅展示了诺门罕冲突、《德苏互不侵犯条约》和第二次世界大战爆发之间的联系，而且还展示了诺门罕如何影响了日本与美国开战的决定，从而改变了历史的进程。该书详细介绍了格奥尔基-朱可夫将军在诺门罕的辉煌胜利，这导致他在1941年指挥红军，并利用来自苏联远东的增援部队在莫斯科成功阻止了德国人。作者认为，这样的战略之所以能够实现，只是因为日本决定不进攻苏联远东，而是夺取石油资源丰富的荷属东印度群岛，转而进攻珍珠港。戈德曼认为辻政信是一位有影响力的日本军官，他煽动了诺门罕冲突，并在那次失败中幸存下来，他敦促他的上司不要在1941年再次攻击苏联，而是要与美国开战。

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army’s Victory That Shaped World War II

Stuart D. Goldman

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Stuart Goldman convincingly argues that a little-known, but intense Soviet-Japanese conflict along the Manchurian-Mongolian frontier at Nomonhan influenced the outbreak of World War II and shaped the course of the war. The author draws on Japanese, Soviet, and western sources to put the seemingly obscure conflict--actually a small undeclared war-- into its proper global geo-strategic perspective.

The book describes how the Soviets, in response to a border conflict provoked by Japan, launched an offensive in August 1939 that wiped out the Japanese forces at Nomonhan. At the same time, Stalin signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, allowing Hitler to invade Poland. The timing of these military and diplomatic strikes was not coincidental, according to the author. In forming an alliance with Hitler that left Tokyo diplomatically isolated, Stalin succeeded in avoiding a two-front war. He saw the pact with the Nazis as a way to pit Germany against Britain and France, leaving the Soviet Union on the sidelines to eventually pick up the spoils from the European conflict, while at the same time giving him a free hand to smash the Japanese at Nomonhan.

Goldman not only demonstrates the linkage between the Nomonhan conflict, the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, and the outbreak of World War II, but also shows how Nomonhan influenced Japan s decision to go to war with the United States and thus change the course of history. The book details Gen. Georgy Zhukov s brilliant victory at Nomonhan that led to his command of the Red Army in 1941 and his success in stopping the Germans at Moscow with reinforcements from the Soviet Far East. Such a strategy was possible, the author contends, only because of Japan s decision not to attack the Soviet Far East but to seize the oil-rich Dutch East Indies and attack Pearl Harbor instead. Goldman credits Tsuji Masanobu, an influential Japanese officer who instigated the Nomonhan conflict and survived the debacle, with urging his superiors not to take on the Soviets again in 1941, but instead to go to war with the United States.