以色列安全線、俄羅斯安全線

 

动荡中的中东

the middle east in turmoil

 

尼克松在就任总统之初就面临着一对既常年联系又似乎相互矛盾的问题：

如何保持西方在中东（主要是阿拉伯）的地位，

同时履行美国对以色列安全的承诺。

像他的前任一样，尼克松接受了这两个目标，但他也开始从一个新的战略角度追求这些目标。

 

A pair of issues, at once perennially linked and seemingly contradictory, confronted Nixon at the beginning of his presidency: how to maintain the West’s position in the (mostly Arab) Middle East while also fulfilling America’s commitment to the security of Israel. Like his predecessors, Nixon embraced both objectives, but he also began to pursue them from a new strategic perspective.

 

约翰逊政府的最后一年确定了尼克松将继承的中东危机的形态。

1967年以色列与其阿拉伯邻国--埃及、叙利亚和约旦之间的战争

以色列从占领埃及西奈半岛、

从叙利亚占领戈兰高地、

从约旦占领巴勒斯坦西岸而告终。

这些征服改变了双方的议价地位。

以色列将开始一个和平进程--如果可以开始的话--拥有有形的领土战利品，它打算用它来实现无形的战略目标：

即承认其合法性和存在，以及意味着调整1949年停战线的安全边界。

 

The last year of the Johnson administration defined the shape of the Middle East crisis that Nixon would inherit. The 1967 war between Israel and its Arab neighbors – Egypt, Syria and Jordan – ended with Israel occupying the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt; the Golan Heights from Syria; and the Palestinian West Bank from Jordan. These conquests transformed the bargaining position of the two sides. Israel would start a peace process – if it could be started at all – in possession of the tangible territorial prize, which it intended to use for intangible strategic aims: namely, recognition of its legitimacy and existence, as well as secure borders which implied adjustment of the 1949 armistice lines.