联合国试图通过安全理事会第242号决议"和平"、"安全"、"政治独立"：应用自己的定义

 

联合国试图通过安全理事会第242号决议为这一进程建立一个国际框架。

该决议于1967年通过，包含了所有神圣的词汇--"和平"、"安全"、"政治独立"--但其顺序使每一方都能应用自己的定义，从而使它们失去了实际意义。

其内容如下

 

The UN sought to create an international framework for this process by means of Security Council Resolution 242. Adopted in 1967, it contained all of the sacramental words – ‘peace’, ‘security’, ‘political independence’ – but in a sequence that drained them of operational significance by enabling each side to apply its own definitions. It read:

 

安全理事会......。

 

The Security Council . . .

 

1. 申明履行[联合国]

宪章原则需要在中东建立公正和持久的和平，其中应包括适用以下原则。

 

1. Affirms that the fulfilment of [UN]

Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:

 

(以色列武装部队从最近的冲突中占领的领土上撤走。

 

(i)               Withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict;

 

(终止所有主张或交战状态，尊重并承认该地区每个国家的主权、领土完整和政治独立及其在安全和公认的边界内和平生活的权利，不受威胁或武力行为的影响......。 [61]

 

(ii) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force . . . [61]

 

以色列要撤出的领土的范围是模糊的，"公正和持久的和平 "的定义也是如此，在一个主权国家的世界里，这一条件无论如何都难以维持。

因此，每一方都在其现有信念的背景下解释该文本。

 

The extent of the territories from which Israel was to withdraw was left ambiguous, as was the definition of a ‘just and lasting peace’, a condition that in a world of sovereign states has in any case proved difficult to sustain. As a consequence, each party interpreted the text against the background of its existing convictions.

 

1969年3月，埃及总统纳赛尔试图加快这一进程，用重炮轰击苏伊士运河沿岸的以色列阵地。

以色列以对埃及内地的深层渗透式空袭作为回应。

尼克松立即做出了一些决定：

他将中东问题的谈判分配给国务卿威廉-罗杰斯，但同时让我来安排一个顺序，即中东外交将在我们对越南的外交努力之后才开始，以避免国内对两个如此不同的问题同时产生争论。

 

In March 1969, Egypt’s President Nasser attempted to accelerate the process by shelling the Israeli positions along the Suez Canal with heavy artillery. Israel responded with deep-penetration air raids against Egypt’s interior. Nixon made a number of immediate decisions: he assigned negotiations on the Middle East to Secretary of State William Rogers but simultaneously left it to me to bring about a sequence in which the Middle East diplomacy would come to a head only after our diplomatic efforts vis-à-vis Vietnam, so as to avoid simultaneous domestic controversy over two such different issues.