書評:迷失方向的邂逅: 一位摩洛哥学者 1845-1846 年在法国的旅行。 穆斯林社会比较研究》,

迷失方向的邂逅: 一位摩洛哥学者 1845-1846 年在法国的旅行。 穆斯林社会比较研究》,244 页,插图,参考书目,索引。 伯克利: 伯克利:加利福尼亚大学出版社,1992 年。 13 美元(纸质)ISBN 0-520-07462-9


如果说 19 世纪见证了一种新的帝国主义,一种在政治上拥抱非西方民族(无论远近)的真正的全球帝国主义,那么在同一时代,旅游业也作为一种世界性现象崛起。
这些跨文化旅行者的文学作品数量惊人,即使在今天,他们的旅行也是表现非西方社会和文化的一个重要来源。
相反,从 "东方 "到欧洲的互惠旅行却不那么频繁。 我们对来自北非、中东或更遥远地方的游客如何看待西方知之甚少。
因此,文化交汇在大多数情况下被描述为单方面的会合,但在多个层面上发生了变化。 99 an


因此,苏珊-吉尔森-米勒(Susan Gilson Miller)对摩洛哥学者穆罕默德-沙法尔(Muhammad al-Şaffar)的 rihla 一书所做的精美而优雅的翻译尤其值得欢迎。
萨法尔在 1845-1846 年作为摩洛哥驻德图恩大使阿什什的秘书前往法国旅行,如果不是米勒坚持不懈、一丝不苟地研究拉巴特王宫档案馆中保存的手稿,我们可能永远不会注意到他的这篇记述。
米勒的长篇介绍将这本游记及其作者和摩洛哥统治阶级的社会背景置于一个精细的历史背景中。
然而,她远远超越了传统的舞台设置,提出了关于文本和 "文化相遇的质地 "的问题。
在一个层面上,摩洛哥外交使团和 "rihla "本身的推动力是穆莱-阿卜杜勒-皮尔-拉赫曼(Mulay 'Abd al-pire Rahman)统治下的谢里夫帝国周围日益汹涌的不祥力量的直接产物--法国入侵邻国阿尔及利亚、阿卜杜勒-卡迪尔('Abd al-Qādir)的圣战以及摩洛哥在 1844 年伊斯利战役中的耻辱性失败。
米勒还指出,摩洛哥知识界的一些成员做出了一系列复杂的回应,他们试图打破自我封闭,解决令人痛苦的问题:
欧洲权力和力量的秘密是什么?
如何才能在不破坏本土传统和文化的情况下获得这些秘密?

在整个世纪中,不仅摩洛哥或马格里布地区的知名人士,中国、南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区的精英们也提出了诸如此类的问题。
最后,al-Şaffar 的叙述与米勒的传记一起,让我们看到了一个 "有文化的摩洛哥人在考验其信仰、情感和立场的关键时刻的内心状态"(第 4 页)。

t

我们的摩洛哥文士与路易-菲利普国王统治下的法国社会中那些新奇、令人不安和惊世骇俗的人的交锋,揭示了北非著名阶层的许多文化规范、价值观和态度。 然而,这种遭遇并不是单方面的;沙法尔对法国和法国人的描绘,在一些人看来,是一种 "蔑视 "和 "蔑视"。

摩洛哥知识界的一些成员做出了一系列复杂的反应。


Disorienting Encounters: Travels of a Moroccan Scholar in France 1845-1846. The Voyage of Muhammad Aş-Şaffär, translated and edited by SUSAN GILSON MILLER. (Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies) 244 pages, illustrations, bibliography, index. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. $13 (Paper) ISBN 0-520-07462-9

If the nineteenth century witnessed a new kind of imperialism, one truly global in its political embrace of non-Western peoples, distant and near, that same age also saw the rise of tourism as a world-wide phenomenon. The literary produc- tion of these cross-cultural voyagers, whose journeys were underwritten by the very fact of Western domination, is staggering and even today forms one prob- lematic fount for representing non-Western societies and cultures. Reciprocal travels in the opposite direction-from the "East" to Europe-were less frequent. We know little of how the West was apprehended by visitors from North Africa, the Middle East or places farther afield. Thus, the cultural encounter has been depicted for the most part as a one-sided rendezvous that, nevertheless, transpired B on multiple planes. 99 an

Susan Gilson Miller's fine and elegant translation of the Moroccan scholar Muhammad al-Şaffar's rihla is therefore particularly welcome. Al-Şaffar's account of his travels to France in 1845-1846 as secretary to the Moroccan ob ambassador Ash'ash of Tetuan might never have come to our attention had not ap Miller doggedly and with meticulous care studied the single manuscript which du survives in the Royal Palace archives in Rabat. Miller's lengthy introduction sets the travel account and the social universe of its writer and the Moroccan ruling ro classes in a finely-calibrated historical context. Yet she goes far beyond the conventional stage setting to raise issues about both the text and "texture of the ler cultural encounter." At one level, the impetus for the Moroccan diplomatic Fic mission, and for the rihla itself, was a direct product of the increasingly menac-be ing, ominous forces surrounding the Sharifian Empire under Mulay 'Abd al-pire Rahman-France's invasion of neighboring Algeria, 'Abd al-Qādir's jihad and the humiliating Moroccan defeat at the 1844 Battle of Isly. At another, Miller pointstol out a complicated set of responses by some members of the Moroccan intelligen-far tsia who sought to break out of self-imposed isolation and address agonizing c questions: What were the secrets of European power and might, and how couldn they be acquired without undermining indigenous traditions and culture? Ques-hi tions such as these were posed throughout the century not only by notables in se Morocco or the Maghrib but also by elites in China, South Asia and Africa southalis of the Sahara. Finally, al-Şaffar's account, together with Miller's biography, u offers us an uncommon glimpse of the internal state of a "literate Moroccan att a critical moment that tested his beliefs, sensibilities, and bearings" (p. 4). na

t

Our Moroccan scribe's confrontations with the novel, disturbing and marvel-na ous in French society under King Louis-Phillipe reveal much of the culturald norms, values and attitudes of North Africa's notable classes. Nevertheless, thed t encounter was not unilateral; al-Şaffar's portrayals of France and the French areoir

out a complicated set of responses by some members of the Moroccan intellige


沒有留言:

張貼留言

注意:只有此網誌的成員可以留言。

選擇汪精衛中華帝國會像奧匈帝國鄂圖曼土耳其帝國一樣戰敗解體

選擇汪精衛 中華帝國會像奧匈帝國鄂圖曼土耳其帝國一樣戰敗解體 因為站錯了隊伍 北洋軍閥頭腦比汪精衛清楚 所以一戰才能拿回山東 孫文拿德國錢,他是反對參加一戰 選擇蔣介石, 中國將淪為共產主義國家 因為蔣介石鬥不過史達林 蔣介石即使打贏毛澤東 中國一樣會解體 中國是靠偽裝民族主義的...