2-3 Lyon
2-3 里昂
This is a large city, one of the centers of civilization in France, larger than Marseille, situated between the mountains and surrounded by fortified walls. It is the center for silkmaking in France, and damasks and other fine silks are made here. They say that there are many thousands of silkworkers. Two rivers meet there, the Rhône and the Saône, and continue as one great river. They say that the Rhône is like a man and the Saône is like a woman: just as a man meets a woman, the two [rivers) are coupled there. There are count- less small boats and steamers on the river at that place, and market- places and fancy shops filled with splendid goods, butcher shops and bakeries, fruit sellers and greengrocers. There is an enormous bridge at the entrance to the city built of huge pillars and arches, lined with rows of lanterns of clear glass which illuminate the way in the darkness. The streets and the shops have a wondrous appear- ance at night.
这是一座大城市，是法国的文明中心之一，比马赛还要大，坐落在群山之间，四周有坚固的城墙环绕。 这里是法国的丝绸制造中心，大马士革和其他精美的丝绸都是在这里制作的。 据说这里有成千上万的丝绸工人。 罗讷河和索讷河两条河流在此交汇，汇成一条大河。 他们说，罗讷河就像一个男人，索讷河就像一个女人：就像男人遇到女人一样，两条（河流）在这里交汇。 那里的河上有数不清的小船和汽船，还有集市和摆满华丽商品的高级商店、肉店和面包店、水果店和蔬菜店。 城市入口处有一座巨大的桥，由巨大的柱子和拱门搭建而成，桥两边是一排排透明玻璃灯笼，在黑暗中照亮了道路。 夜晚的街道和商店显得格外迷人。
There are many soldiers here, for it is the seat of one of the prov- inces of France governing over [its surroundings). A general (jilnār) of the army, whom they call in their language le préfet, just as in Marseille, is the most important man in the region. Many work- shops called fabriques are found there, and the walls [of the city] are black with their smoke. Women are usually employed in the workshops both here and elsewhere, for they are the mainstay of the crafts.
这里有很多士兵，因为它是法国一个省的省府所在地，管辖着[其周边地区]。 军队中的一位将军（jilnār）在他们的语言中被称为le préfet，就像在马赛一样，他是该地区最重要的人物。 那里有许多被称为 fabriques 的作坊，[城市的]墙壁都被它们的烟熏黑了。 这里和其他地方的作坊通常都雇用妇女，因为她们是手工业的主力军。
The people of Lyon) are very industrious about increasing its size, and it is quite filled up with buildings; there are also new bridges and iron roads" that join it with other places. Travelers and goods are drawn to it because it is one of the centers of the land of France, specializing in crafts and manufactures not found in other places. Its buildings are better constructed than those of Marseille. Its outskirts are so densely settled they seemed to be part of the city. We did not see as much of this place as we did of others along our way, for we only passed through and did not linger; therefore our description of it is brief.
里昂人）非常勤奋地扩大城市规模，到处都是楼房，还有新的桥梁和铁路"，将里昂与其他地方连接起来。 旅行者和货物被吸引到这里，因为它是法兰西的中心之一，专门从事其他地方没有的手工艺和制造业。 它的建筑比马赛的更好。 它的郊区居民稠密，似乎是城市的一部分。 由于我们只是路过，并没有在此逗留，因此我们对这个地方的描述很简短。
We left by a winding road that went between the mountains and up to their summits, yet the coaches climbed with ease. You felt as if you were on the plain with the mountain rising in front of you, but suddenly you found yourself at the pinnacle. That is because of the smoothness of the road. They build it up where it is low, and take away from it where it is high, SO that all of it is level and you do not feel the incline except in a very few places. Along the route, water ran in rivulets among the orchards, and there were gardens with all kinds of plantings set out in neat rows. We finally reached a town called Tarare, a small place with many sources of water, where they make a type of white cloth. In the late afternoon a heavy snow fell, continuing on into the darkness of night. We could not tell the earth from the sky, because of the whiteness of the snow. As for the cold, do not ask how bitter it was! But we did not suffer from it, thanks be to God, because we were inside the coach. The windows were shut tight and our breath collected inside its close- ness. The cozy warmth stayed with us and we felt no discomfort until we went outside.
我们从一条蜿蜒曲折的公路出发，这条公路在群山之间穿行，一直延伸到山顶，但客车爬坡却十分轻松。 你仿佛置身于平原之上，山峰就在你的面前，但突然间你发现自己已经站在了山顶。 这就是道路平整的原因。 他们在低的地方加高，在高的地方减低，所以除了极少数地方外，所有地方都是平坦的，你感觉不到倾斜。 沿途，果园里溪水潺潺，花园里各种植物整齐地排列着。 我们最后到达了一个叫塔拉雷的小镇，这是一个有许多水源的小地方，他们在这里制作一种白布。 傍晚时分，下起了大雪，一直持续到夜深人静。 由于雪太白，我们分不清天与地。 至于寒冷，不要问它有多刺骨！ 不过，感谢上帝，我们并没有受寒，因为我们在车厢里。 车窗紧紧关闭，我们的呼吸都聚集在里面。 舒适的温暖一直伴随着我们，直到我们走出车外也没有感到任何不适。
We spent that night in the town of Roanne, a medium-sized place surrounded by villages scattered about on rolling hills. Before en- tering it we passed over the river Loire, mentioned before. Between this town and the city of Lyon is one of the roads of iron for the locomotive, 55 according to the description which follows.
当晚，我们在罗阿纳镇过夜，这是一个中等规模的地方，周围的村庄散落在连绵起伏的山丘上。 在到达罗阿纳之前，我们经过了前面提到的卢瓦尔河。 在这个小镇和里昂市之间有一条机车铁道，根据下文的描述，有 55 条。
We left this town and went on to a place called Lapalisse, a small village. [We passed] many villages after that until we reached the town of Moulins, a middle- to large-sized town where we spent the night. Then we continued on to a village called Imphy, 56 then to one of their principal cities, Nevers, on the banks of the river Nièvre, which is small but has all kinds of vessels on it. We then passed Pouilly on the Loire, and spent the night in Cosne. After this came Briare, which is crossed by a small river branching off from the Loire; then the city of Gien, a big town on the banks of the Loire. Here there is a large bridge on twelve arches which we took on our way to Paris, heading north. That night, the seventh since our departure from Marseille, we stayed in Orléans, a large city said to have thirty-five thousand inhabitants, where there is a church of marvelous workmanship. 57 They claim there is none other like it in France, for it is built of marble. This city is on the banks of the Loire, and at the entry to it is a bridge fifty paces long and the width of three carts side by side.
我们离开这个小镇，来到一个叫拉帕利塞的地方，这是一个小村庄。 [之后我们又经过了许多村庄，直到穆兰镇，这是一个中型到大型的城镇，我们在那里过了一夜。 然后，我们继续前行，来到了一个名叫 Imphy 的村庄，56 接着又来到了他们的主要城市之一，位于涅弗尔河畔的内韦尔。 然后，我们经过卢瓦尔河畔的普伊，在科斯内过夜。 之后，我们来到布里亚尔（Briare），从卢瓦尔河分支的一条小河横穿而过；然后是吉安（Gien）城，卢瓦尔河畔的一座大城。 这里有一座十二拱的大桥，我们在去巴黎的路上走了这座桥，然后向北走。 那天晚上，也就是我们离开马赛后的第七天，我们住在奥尔良，这是一座大城市，据说有三万五千名居民。 57 他们声称，在法国没有任何一座教堂能与之媲美，因为它是用大理石建造的。 这座城市位于卢瓦尔河畔，入口处有一座桥，长五十步，宽度相当于三辆并排的马车。
In one of the squares of that city, next to the church I mentioned, is the likeness of a pious woman who they claim lived among them long ago. 58 When another race of Christians invaded their land, she met them at the head of an army and drove them out. All this hap- pened about three hundred years ago. We saw the likeness of this holy woman in many places. Between this city and the city of Paris we still had ninety miles, which we covered by the iron road.
（聖女貞德）
在这座城市的一个广场上，在我提到的教堂旁边，有一个虔诚的女人的雕像，他们声称这个女人很久以前就住在他们中间。 58 当另一个种族的基督徒入侵他们的土地时，她率领一支军队迎战，并将他们赶了出去。 这一切发生在大约三百年前。 我们在很多地方都看到了这位圣女的肖像。 从这座城市到巴黎还有九十英里，我们走的是铁道。
NOTES：
51. Thawb al-mushajjar, "flowered cloth," meaning damask, a richly patterned silk cloth made originally in Damascus. Dozy 1:730.
52. In Arabic, al-fabrikāt.
53. Turuq al-hadid, cf. French chemin de fer the railroad, to be described in detail later.
54. Tarare was famous for the manufacture of mousseline, a fine cotton fabric originally made in Mosul, Iraq. Guide Michelin: Vallée du Rhône, 1985 ed., p. 149.
55. In Arabic, bābür al-barr, that is, "a steam engine [that travels] by land."
56. In the text, it is written Fini.
57. The Cathedral of Ste. Croix, built in the thirteenth century in the Gothic style. Michelin Guide: Châteaux of the Loire (English ed.), 1988, p. 149.
58. Jeanne d'Arc, the "Maid of Orleans" (1412-31). Aş-Şaffär refers to her as a rahiba, a "holy woman."
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