最新軍事科技對美中衝突中士兵的影響
作者：余茂春（Miles Maochun Yu）
軍事歷史與當代衝突研究小組 — Strategika 第99期
發表日期：2025年7月9日｜閱讀時間：3分鐘
随着中国和美国在军事技术领域不断取得进展，两国士兵的作战方式正以前所未有的速度发生变革。未来这两大世界强国之间的对抗将不再类似于过去依靠传统步兵战术和常规火力进行的战争。相反，这种对抗将由人工智能、无人机作战、网络行动以及下一代战场系统塑造，这些技术将重新定义士兵的个体角色。尽管两国均在将尖端技术融入军队，但这些发展对部队的影响将因军事理论、战略优先级和技术能力的差异而有所不同。
对于美军士兵而言，战场作战将越来越依赖于人工智能增强的决策系统、自主支援系统和网络化作战。美国军方已大量投资于联合全领域指挥与控制（JADC2）等项目，该系统旨在将每位士兵、无人机、飞机和海军舰艇连接到一个实时信息共享网络。这意味着美军将具备前所未有的态势感知能力，人工智能系统将持续分析战场状况并提供战略建议。集成于头盔的增强现实（AR）护目镜将使士兵能够实时查看无人机画面、敌方位置及建议的战术动作，大幅缩短决策时间。然而，对数字基础设施的高度依赖也带来了安全隐患。在与中国的冲突中，美军可能面临旨在破坏这些战场网络的复杂网络攻击，迫使其在电子环境受干扰的战场上作战，通信可能被干扰或篡改。
在个人武器方面，美军士兵将配备配备人工智能辅助瞄准和智能弹药的下一代火器，这些弹药可在飞行中调整弹道。精确制导武器，如计算机增强型狙击步枪和电磁轨道炮，将使士兵能够在长距离上以极高精度打击敌人。与此同时，美军将部署便携式定向能武器和电磁脉冲（EMP）装置，以应对中国日益依赖人工智能驱动的无人机群。机器人技术也将发挥关键作用，自主地面车辆将作为战场助手——运输补给、提供掩护火力并疏散伤员。此外，外骨骼技术正在研发中，旨在提升士兵的耐力和力量，从而实现更高的机动性和持续作战效能。
另一方面，中国军队将经历一场与中国人民解放军（PLA）“智能化作战”战略相契合的技术变革。与美国注重将人工智能融入人类决策过程的策略不同，中国正朝着更自主的模式推进，其中由人工智能驱动的无人机和机器人系统将承担越来越直接的作战任务。解放军已大量投资于无人机群技术，旨在通过大量由人工智能控制的无人机以协同编队形式压倒敌军。中国步兵单位将得到机器人分队、自主火炮系统和自动驾驶坦克的支持，这些系统仅需极少的人类干预。这意味着在未来冲突中，中国士兵可能更多地扮演战场协调者的角色，指挥机器人资产而非参与传统前线作战。
中国士兵还将受益于人工智能驱动的战场分析工具，这些工具能够预测敌方动向、优化攻击策略，并通过增强现实界面提供实时情报。与美国同行类似，他们将使用配备增强现实技术的头盔，但其系统将更加集中化，人工智能算法在指挥中心主导战术决策。解放军对网络战的重视也将影响中国士兵的作战方式。他们很可能接受训练以利用敌方电子系统，通过网络支持的欺骗战术扰乱美国战场网络和电子基础设施。这种对网络战的重视可能使中国能够中和美国的科技优势，迫使美军在人工智能辅助和数字侦察工具不可靠的恶劣条件下作战。
未来战争中美军与解放军士兵之间的最大差异在于人工智能在作战决策中获得的自主权程度。尽管美军将把人工智能作为辅助工具进行整合，但解放军的作战理论暗示其对人工智能的依赖程度更高，可能减少人类士兵在直接作战中的作用。这可能使中国军队在群攻战术和协同打击中更具效能，但若人工智能驱动的系统出现错误或被入侵，也可能引入不可预测性。
另一个关键差异在于后勤与战场可持续性。美国军队正致力于通过整合人工智能管理的供应链、自主补给无人机和机器人医护人员，使步兵部队实现更高程度的自给自足。这可能使美军士兵无需依赖传统补给路线即可维持长期作战，从而降低后勤脆弱性。相比之下，中国采取的策略更倾向于通过人工智能协调的大规模动员实现快速、压倒性力量投射。中国人民解放军（PLA）可能在高度机械化的环境中部署士兵，其中大规模无人机作战、高超音速导弹支援及电子战单位共同构筑的战场，将由速度与信息优势决定战局走向。
两国均在为士兵配备高科技个人防护装备，包括能够吸收高速冲击并降低热信号以对抗人工智能驱动的制导系统的自适应防弹衣。然而，随着人工智能驱动的制导系统不断改进，仅仅穿着先进防弹衣并不能保证生存。双方士兵将需要依赖电子对抗措施、隐蔽战术以及人工智能驱动的欺骗策略，以躲避敌方无人机和自动化武器的探测。
最终，尽管美中两国士兵都将面临机器在战场上扮演越来越核心角色的局面，但他们的作战体验将因各自的军事战略而异。美军士兵将作为技术增强型战士，在高度互联的战场上作战，其中人工智能充当顾问而非最终决策者。相比之下，中国士兵将更可能作为人工智能赋能的协调者，指挥大规模机器人和无人机部队，其中人工智能在执行战场作战时将扮演更自主的角色。这一根本性差异可能决定美中冲突的走向，美国将优先考虑人机协作，而中国则将利用人工智能驱动的自动化和压倒性力量投射。无论谁最终获胜，未来的战士都将与过去截然不同，他们在战斗环境中运作，人工智能、机器人技术和网络战重新定义了军事对抗的本质。
阅读《战略家》
本文是《战略家》第99期《当今士兵与当前军事革命》的一部分。点击此处阅读完整期。
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最新军事技术对美中潜在对抗中士兵的影响
随着中国和美国在军事技术领域不断取得进展，两国士兵的作战方式正以前所未有的速度发生变化。
2025年7月9日 星期三 3分钟阅读
作者：余茂春
研究团队：当代冲突中的军事历史工作组
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隨著中國與美國在軍事科技領域的持續進展，雙方士兵面對的戰場形態正以前所未有的速度轉變。未來這兩個全球強權之間的潛在衝突，將不再類似以往傳統步兵戰術與常規火力的戰爭，而是由人工智慧（AI）、無人機作戰、網路攻防與下一代戰場系統所主導，這些科技將重新定義個別士兵的角色。
儘管美中兩國都在軍隊中導入尖端科技，但因軍事教義、戰略優先順序與技術能力的不同，這些變化對士兵的實際影響也將大不相同。
美國士兵的未來戰場
對美軍來說，戰場行動將越來越依賴於AI強化的決策能力、自主支援系統與聯網作戰。美軍已大力投資於「全域聯合作戰指揮與控制系統」（JADC2），該系統旨在將每位士兵、無人機、飛機與海軍艦艇整合進一個實時資訊共享網路。這將讓美軍士兵具備前所未有的戰場態勢感知能力，由AI系統持續分析戰況並提供策略建議。
增強實境（AR）裝置整合進頭盔中，讓士兵可即時查看無人機畫面、敵軍位置與建議機動路線，大幅縮短決策所需時間。然而，對數位基礎建設的依賴也意味著脆弱性。在與中國的衝突中，美軍可能面臨高度複雜的網路攻擊，試圖癱瘓其戰場網路，使其必須在通訊受干擾或遭操控的電子環境中作戰。
個人武器與機械支援
美國士兵將配備AI輔助瞄準的新世代槍械，以及能在飛行中調整彈道的智慧彈藥。精準導引武器如電腦強化的狙擊槍與電磁軌道炮，將使士兵得以遠距精確打擊敵人。
美軍還將部署手持定向能武器與電磁脈衝（EMP）裝置，以對抗中國越來越倚賴的AI無人機群。機器人也將扮演重要角色，例如地面自主載具將擔任戰場助手：搬運補給、提供掩護火力與撤離傷患等。此外，機械外骨骼正在研發中，目的是增強士兵的耐力與力量，提升機動性與持久戰力。
中國士兵的「智能化戰爭」
中國士兵則將經歷一場符合「智能化戰爭」理念的科技轉型。與美國專注於AI輔助人類決策不同，中共人民解放軍（PLA）傾向於讓AI主導戰鬥。解放軍已大力發展無人機群技術，目的是透過大量AI控制的無人機協同壓制敵軍。
中國步兵單位將由機器人小隊、自主火砲系統與自駕坦克支援，這些系統僅需最小程度的人為監控。這意味著，未來的中國士兵將更像戰場協調者，負責指揮機器資產，而非親身參與前線戰鬥。
中國士兵也將使用AI驅動的戰場分析工具，能預測敵軍動向、優化攻擊策略，並透過AR裝置提供即時情報。與美軍類似，他們也配戴AR頭盔，但系統設計更集中化，由指揮中心內的AI演算法做出戰術決策。
解放軍強調網路戰，這也將影響士兵的作戰方式。他們將受訓於如何滲透與癱瘓敵方電子系統，使用網路欺敵戰術干擾美軍的戰場網路與電子設施。這樣的策略可能削弱美軍的科技優勢，迫使美軍在AI與數位偵察工具無法依賴的條件下作戰。
AI自主程度的根本差異
美中士兵之間最大的差別，在於AI在作戰決策中所擁有的自主性。美軍傾向於將AI視為輔助工具，而解放軍的教義則顯示出更高程度地信賴AI自動執行作戰任務，這可能減少人類士兵的直接戰鬥角色。這將讓中共部隊在蜂群戰術與協同打擊方面更具效率，但若AI出錯或遭干擾，也會增加不確定性。
後勤與持久作戰的策略差異
後勤與持久作戰的策略上也存在顯著差異。美軍目標是讓步兵部隊更具自給自足能力，透過AI管理的供應鏈、自主補給無人機與機器人醫療兵來實現，讓士兵即使在缺乏傳統補給線的情況下仍能持續作戰，降低後勤弱點。
相比之下，中共策略偏向快速、壓倒性兵力投射，依靠AI協調的大規模動員。解放軍可能部署士兵於高度機械化的環境中，結合無人機戰爭、高超音速飛彈支援與電子戰單位，使戰場變成以速度與資訊主導勝負的戰區。
雙方共同的新戰場挑戰
兩國士兵都將配備高科技個人防護裝備，如可調適的護甲，可吸收高速衝擊並降低熱訊號以對抗AI瞄準系統。然而，隨著AI瞄準能力提升，單靠先進護甲已無法保證生存。雙方士兵都必須依賴電子反制、隱蔽戰術與AI欺敵技術，躲避敵方無人機與自動武器的偵測與攻擊。
結語
總體而言，美中士兵都將面對一個由機器主導的未來戰場，但他們的作戰經驗將因軍事教義而異。美軍士兵將成為科技強化的戰士，操作於高度聯網的戰場中，AI作為顧問而非決策者；而中國士兵則可能轉變為AI輔助的指揮員，操控大規模無人機與機器人部隊，由AI自動執行作戰任務。
這種根本性的差異，可能將決定未來美中衝突的發展方向：美方強調人機協同，中方則倚賴AI自動化與兵力壓制。不論勝負如何，未來的戰士將與過往截然不同，他們所處的戰場將由AI、機器人與網路戰共同重塑。
本文章出自 Strategika 第99期：〈當代軍人與軍事革命〉，完整內容請參見原刊。
更多的鲜血和财富，究竟为了什么？
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ishabaka
2天前
美国军队仍然相信尖端科技将是他们的救星，尽管他们一次又一次地被最原始的敌人击败，比如那些没有受过教育的牧羊人，他们使用的是便携式苏联时代武器，没有重型火炮，没有装甲车辆，没有飞机，没有海军，而且在阿富汗的通信设备也非常简陋。
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SuperFantastico ishabaka
2天前
在自家后院进行游击战确实有效。但这并非对军方的批评，而是与我们对抗的对象、作战地点、目标等因素有关。
“接连失败”，像你这样的人想说我们输掉了越南战争，却没注意到我们赢得了冷战，这一切都息息相关。
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The Impact of the Latest Military Technologies on Soldiers in a Potential U.S.-China Confrontation
As China and the United States continue to advance in military technology, the nature of combat for their soldiers is changing at an unprecedented pace.
Wednesday, July 9, 2025 3 min read
By: Miles Maochun Yu
Research Team: Military History in Contemporary Conflict Working Group
Strategika Issue 99
The Impact Of The Latest Military Technologies On Soldiers In A Potential...
By: Miles Maochun Yu
As China and the United States continue to advance in military technology, the nature of combat for their soldiers is changing at an unprecedented pace. A future confrontation between these two global powers would not resemble past wars fought with traditional infantry tactics and conventional firepower. Instead, it would be shaped by artificial intelligence, drone warfare, cyber operations, and next-generation battlefield systems that would redefine the roles of individual soldiers. While both nations are integrating cutting-edge technologies into their armed forces, the way these developments affect their troops will differ due to variations in military doctrine, strategic priorities, and technological capabilities.
For U.S. soldiers, battlefield operations will increasingly depend on artificial intelligence-enhanced decision-making, autonomous support systems, and networked warfare. The U.S. military has invested heavily in programs like the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2), a system designed to link every soldier, drone, aircraft, and naval vessel into a single real-time information-sharing network. This means that American troops will operate with an unprecedented level of situational awareness, with AI systems continuously analyzing battlefield conditions and providing strategic recommendations. Augmented reality (AR) visors integrated into helmets will allow soldiers to see real-time drone feeds, enemy positions, and suggested maneuvers, drastically reducing the time required for decision-making. However, this increased reliance on digital infrastructure also presents vulnerabilities. In a conflict with China, U.S. troops would likely face sophisticated cyberattacks aimed at disrupting these battlefield networks, forcing them to operate in contested electronic environments where their communications could be jammed or manipulated.
In terms of personal weaponry, U.S. soldiers will be equipped with next-generation firearms featuring AI-assisted targeting and smart ammunition capable of adjusting trajectory mid-flight. Precision-guided weapons, such as computer-enhanced sniper rifles and electromagnetic railguns, will allow soldiers to engage enemies with extreme accuracy at long distances. At the same time, U.S. troops will deploy handheld directed-energy weapons and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) devices to counter China’s growing reliance on AI-driven drone swarms. Robotics will also play a crucial role, with autonomous ground vehicles acting as battlefield assistants—carrying supplies, providing cover fire, and evacuating wounded personnel. Additionally, exoskeleton technology is being developed to enhance soldier endurance and strength, allowing for greater mobility and sustained combat effectiveness.
On the other side, Chinese soldiers will experience a technological transformation that aligns with the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) doctrine of “intelligentized warfare.” Unlike the U.S. approach, which focuses on integrating AI into human decision-making, China is pushing toward a more autonomous model where AI-driven drones and robotic systems take on an increasingly direct combat role. The PLA has invested heavily in drone swarm technology, designed to overwhelm enemy forces with vast numbers of AI-controlled UAVs operating in coordinated formations. Chinese infantry units will be supported by robotic squads, autonomous artillery systems, and self-driving tanks that require minimal human oversight. This means that in a future conflict, Chinese soldiers may act more as battlefield coordinators, directing robotic assets rather than engaging in traditional frontline combat.
Chinese soldiers will also benefit from AI-driven battlefield analysis tools that can predict enemy movements, optimize attack strategies, and provide real-time intelligence through augmented reality interfaces. Like their American counterparts, they will use AR-equipped helmets, but their system will be more centralized, with AI algorithms in command centers dictating tactical decisions. The PLA’s emphasis on cyber warfare will also affect how Chinese soldiers operate. They will likely be trained to exploit enemy electronic systems, using cyber-enabled deception tactics to disrupt U.S. battlefield networks and electronic infrastructure. This focus on cyber warfare may allow China to neutralize U.S. technological advantages, forcing American troops to operate under degraded conditions where AI assistance and digital reconnaissance tools become unreliable.
The biggest difference between U.S. and Chinese soldiers in a future war will be the level of autonomy given to AI in combat decision-making. While American forces will integrate AI as an assistive tool, the PLA’s doctrine suggests a higher degree of reliance on AI to conduct autonomous operations, potentially reducing the role of human soldiers in direct combat. This could make China’s forces more effective in swarm tactics and coordinated strikes but may also introduce unpredictability if AI-driven systems make errors or become compromised.
Another key contrast lies in logistics and battlefield sustainability. The U.S. military is working toward making its infantry forces more self-sufficient by incorporating AI-managed supply chains, autonomous resupply drones, and robotic medics. This could allow American soldiers to maintain prolonged operations without relying on traditional supply routes, reducing their logistical vulnerabilities. In contrast, China’s approach leans toward rapid, overwhelming force projection using AI-coordinated mass mobilization. The PLA is likely to deploy soldiers in a highly mechanized environment where large-scale drone warfare, hypersonic missile support, and electronic warfare units create a battlefield where speed and information dominance dictate outcomes.
Both nations are equipping their soldiers with high-tech personal protection, including adaptive body armor that can absorb high-velocity impacts and reduce heat signatures to counter AI-driven targeting systems. However, as AI-driven targeting improves, simply wearing advanced armor will not guarantee survival. Soldiers on both sides will need to rely on electronic countermeasures, stealth tactics, and AI-driven deception strategies to evade detection by enemy drones and automated weapons.
Ultimately, while U.S. and Chinese soldiers will both experience a battlefield where machines play an increasingly central role, their experiences will differ based on their respective military doctrines. U.S. soldiers will act as technologically enhanced warriors, operating in a highly connected battlefield where AI serves as an adviser but not the final decision-maker. In contrast, Chinese soldiers will likely serve as AI-enabled coordinators, directing large-scale robotic and drone forces where AI takes on a more autonomous role in executing battlefield operations. This fundamental difference could determine how a U.S.-China conflict unfolds, with the U.S. prioritizing human-machine collaboration and China leveraging AI-driven automation and overwhelming force projection. Regardless of who prevails, the warfighter of the future will be fundamentally different from those of the past, operating in a combat environment where AI, robotics, and cyber warfare redefine the nature of military engagement.
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This article is part of Strategika: Issue 99 on Today's Soldier And The Current Military Revolution. Read the full issue here.
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