二戰末期，黑川村的長老們為了保護她們位於如今中國東北地區的社群，將15名日本年輕女性作為「性祭品」交給了蘇聯軍隊，她們中就有八人是其中之一。 （© TV Asahi）
川瀨賢治
2025年7月11日 08:00 日本標準時間
東京—二戰期間，許多針對女性的性暴力行為一直被黑暗籠罩。然而，80年前發生在滿洲——當時是日本的傀儡政權「滿洲國」——的一起事件，卻因受害者們打破沉默、允許將她們的故事拍成紀錄片的勇氣而得以曝光。
電影《黑川的女人》記錄了戰爭最後幾天，15 名日本未婚年輕女性被村裡的男性長老作為「性祭品」獻給入侵的蘇聯軍隊，以換取整個社區的保護。
黑川村位於現在的中國吉林省，這裡的人們成功地度過了戰爭和戰後的混亂，並最終返回了日本中部岐阜縣的原始定居點——他們的生存建立在這些婦女的犧牲之上。
15名女性中，有4人死於性病和滿洲地區的斑疹傷寒疫情。而這起談判交換的全部真相，在她們被遣返後，卻被村裡的長老們隱瞞。這些女性不僅被噤聲，還被污衊和歧視，被指「被玷污」、「骯髒」、「受損」。
關於這場暴行的報道寥寥無幾，儘管一些女性匿名講述了她們的故事。直到2013年，兩名受害者——佐藤春枝和安江玲子——才在鄰近長野縣新開的滿洲農業移民紀念館公開講述她們的經歷。
這是戰時照片，照片中是黑川村村民和士兵。黑川村是當時日本傀儡政權「滿洲國」的日本先鋒村落。 （© TV Asahi）這部紀錄片將於週六在全國影院上映，導演松原文江當時錯過了這一消息，因為幾乎沒有媒體報導。她直到2018年才從《朝日新聞》的一篇文章中得知這一消息。那一年，村裡的長老們——如今已是第二代——正式承認了歷史真相，向這些婦女道歉，並首次將此事銘刻在村社的「少女紀念碑」上。
松原說：“這些女性把一切都公之於眾，這當然是一件痛苦的事情，但她們決心把這段歷史留給下一代。”
松原向日本外國記者俱樂部表示：“儘管性暴力受害者是需要保護的受害者，但社會深處存在著一種貶低這些女性的心態。”
上圖：被迫為蘇聯士兵提供性服務的建築。 （© 朝日電視台）下圖：7月2日，導演松原文江在東京的日本外國記者俱樂部介紹這部電影。 （攝影：川瀨健二）除了這些婦女的熱情和決心之外，松原強調，新一代村莊領導人願意麵對“令人不安的真相”，也是揭露整個故事的關鍵。
她說：“戰後一代人承擔起過去的責任，接受歷史，並向受害者道歉——這意義重大。”
松原指出，20 世紀 80 年代初，當雜誌上刊登有關這場悲劇的報道時——沒有提到任何姓名或地點——一些村民前往該地區最大的城市名古屋，「買下所有報紙，把它們撕碎扔掉」。
黑川婦女的悲劇發生在日本戰敗在即的危急時刻。 1945年8月9日，蘇聯突然襲擊滿洲國，起因是約瑟夫·史達林單方面違反了《蘇日中立條約》。當時，第一顆原子彈在廣島投下幾天后，長崎也遭到了核打擊。
上圖：倖存的受害者之一安江玲子。下圖：黑川（現日本中部岐阜縣）的鳥瞰圖。 （© 朝日電視台）當蘇聯紅軍進入滿洲國時，日本關東軍已撤退至朝鮮半島，而那些在東京的侵略性殖民政策支持下移民到此的日本移民則被侵略者擺佈，而當地原住民的財產也被日本居民奪走。
根據2023年出版的《佔領下的女性：日本和滿洲的性暴力、賣淫和『兄弟會』》一書，日本性別史學者平井和子在滿洲地區發現了44起與黑川類似的案例。平井在書中將這些案例認定為「以『性防波堤』或『接待』等欺騙性語言對日本女性實施的性暴力」。
同時，平井指出，當時的情況非常嚴峻，蘇聯軍隊入侵的壓力和當地居民的攻擊迫在眉睫。一些鄰近的日本拓荒村落的居民被迫選擇集體自殺。
- 占領下の女性たち : 日本と満洲の性暴力・性売買・「親密な交際」 = Women under the occupation : sexual violence, prostitution, and "fraternization" in Japan and Manchuria / 平井和子
- Senryōka no joseitachi : Nihon to Manshū no seibōryoku, seibaibai, "shinmitsuna kōsai" = Women under the occupation : sexual violence, prostitution, and "fraternization" in Japan and Manchuria / Hirai Kazuko
- Published by
- 東京 : 岩波書店, 2023
- Tōkyō : Iwanami Shoten, 2023
上圖：日本黑川的“少女紀念碑”，旨在紀念這場長期被掩蓋的悲劇。下圖：受害者之一、已故佐藤春枝（右）與她的老友安江菊美。在佐藤做出艱難決定，公開講述她和其他女性所經歷的恐怖經歷後，安江菊美給予了佐藤支持。 （© 朝日電視台）除了強姦和搶劫之外，蘇聯還從滿洲以及薩哈林島南部、北韓和千島群島等前日本領土俘虜了57.5萬名日本國民。其中大部分被送往西伯利亞，另有1.4萬人被轉移到當時的蘇聯衛星國蒙古。
平井也引用了佐藤春江的話，她認為大多數村民能夠遣返日本是「高尚的」。松原也讚揚了佐藤和其他勇敢發聲的女性。
「我認為沒有任何戰爭受害者希望自己被美化，」松原說道，包括來自黑川的女性。 “她們唯一想要的就是真相得到承認。透過真相，社區的責任得到認可，從而促使她們承認自己的錯誤。”
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Life
Japanese 'sex offerings' to Soviet troops in 1945 fully exposed
New documentary reveals how women were sacrificed in Manchuria
Eight of the 15 young Japanese women who were handed over to Soviet troops as "sexual offerings" by Kurokawa village elders in the final days of World War II, in a desperate bid to protect their community in what today is northeastern China. (© TV Asahi)
KENJI KAWASE
July 11, 2025 08:00 JST
TOKYO -- Many acts of sexual violence against women during World War II have been shrouded in darkness. But one incident from 80 years ago in Manchuria -- in what was then the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo -- has come to light thanks to the courage of victims who broke their silence and allowed their story to be turned into a documentary.
The film "Kurokawa no onnatachi" (Women of Kurokawa) is a record of 15 young unmarried Japanese women who were given as "sexual offerings" in the final days of the war to the invading Soviet military by male village elders in exchange for protection of the entire community.
The people of the pioneer village of Kurokawa, located in what is now China's Jilin province, managed to survive the war itself and the postwar chaos and eventually return to the original settlement in Gifu prefecture, central Japan -- their survival built on the sacrifice of these women.
Of the 15 women, four died from sexually transmitted diseases and a typhus epidemic in Manchuria, while the entire truth of this negotiated exchange was hidden by the village elders after their repatriation. These women were not only silenced, but also stigmatized and discriminated against for being "soiled," "filthy" and "damaged."
There were very few reports of the atrocity, although some women had spoken anonymously. That was until 2013, when two of the victims -- Harue Sato and Reiko Yasue -- appeared publicly to speak about their experience at the newly opened Memorial Museum for Agricultural Emigrants to Manchuria in the neighboring prefecture of Nagano.
A wartime photo of villagers and soldiers in Kurokawa, a Japanese pioneer community in what was then the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. (© TV Asahi)Fumie Matsubara, the director of the documentary that will be released in cinemas nationwide on Saturday, missed the revelation at the time because there were virtually no media reports. She only found out in 2018 from an Asahi Shimbun newspaper article. That was the year the village elders -- now the second generation -- officially admitted to the historical truth, apologized to the women and for the first time inscribed what occurred on the "maidens' monument" in the village shrine.
"These women made everything public, which was surely a painful thing to do, but they had resolved to leave this part of history to the next generation," said Matsubara.
"Even though victims of sexual violence are victims that have to be protected, there is a deep underlying mindset in which these women get disparaged by society," Matsubara told the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan.
Top: Buildings where the women were forced to provide sexual services for Soviet soldiers. (© TV Asahi) Bottom: Director Fumie Matsubara speaks about the movie at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan, in Tokyo on July 2. (Photo by Kenji Kawase)In addition to the passion and determination of these women, Matsubara emphasized that the new generation of village leaders -- willing to confront the "uncomfortable truth" -- was also key to bringing the full story to light.
"The postwar generation took responsibility for the past, accepted the history and apologized to the victims -- that carried a lot of weight," she said.
Matsubara noted that when a magazine report on the tragedy -- without any mention of names or location -- appeared in the early 1980s, some villagers traveled to Nagoya, the largest city in the region, "to buy up all the copies, ripped them apart and threw them away."
The tragedy of the women of Kurokawa happened at a desperate moment when Japanese defeat in the war was imminent. The surprise attack by the Soviet Union on Manchukuo on Aug. 9, 1945, triggered by Joseph Stalin's decision to unilaterally breach the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, came just a few days after the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima -- and on the day of the nuclear attack on Nagasaki.
Top: Reiko Yasue, one of the surviving victims. Bottom: An aerial view of present-day Kurokawa, in the central Japanese prefecture of Gifu. (© TV Asahi)As the Japanese Kanto-gun, or Kwantung Army, forces had retreated to the Korean Peninsula by the time the Soviet Red Army was crossing into Manchukuo, Japanese emigrants -- brought in under the auspices of pioneering through aggressive colonization policies by Tokyo -- were left at the mercy of the invaders and the original local inhabitants whose properties were taken away by those Japanese inhabitants.
According to the book "Women under the Occupation: Sexual violence, prostitution, and 'fraternization' in Japan and Manchuria," published in 2023, Kazuko Hirai, a Japanese scholar on gender history, identified 44 cases in Manchuria similar to Kurokawa. In her book, Hirai recognizes these as "sexual violence against Japanese women committed under deceptive language such as 'sexual breakwater' or 'reception.'"
Meanwhile, Hirai notes that the circumstances then were extreme, with pressure from the invading Soviet troops and attacks by the locals imminent. Some residents of neighboring Japanese pioneer villages were forced to choose mass suicide.
Top: The "maidens' monument" in Kurokawa, Japan, which acknowledges the long-concealed tragedy. Bottom: The late Harue Sato, right, one of the victims, with her longtime friend Kikumi Yasue, who supported Sato after the difficult decision to speak out about the horrors she and the other women endured. (© TV Asahi)On top of raping and looting, the Soviets captured 575,000 Japanese nationals from Manchuria and other former Japanese territories of southern Sakhalin, Korea and Kuril Islands. Most of them were sent to Siberia, while 14,000 were diverted to then-Soviet satellite Mongolia.
Hirai also quotes Harue Sato, who described it as "noble" that most villagers were able to repatriate to Japan. Matsubara also praises Sato and the other women who courageously spoke out.
"I don't think any of the war victims wish themselves to be glorified," said Matsubara, and that includes the women from Kurokawa. "The only thing they wanted was the truth to be acknowledged. Through that, the responsibility of the community was acknowledged, pushing them to acknowledge their wrongdoings."
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