2025 年 2 月 15 日
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艾蜜莉·阿特金森
BBC新聞
0:59
觀看萬斯慕尼黑演講的關鍵時刻
美國副總統JD Vance對歐洲民主國家進行了嚴厲批評，稱歐洲大陸面臨的最大威脅不是來自俄羅斯和中國，而是「來自內部」。
人們原本預計萬斯將在慕尼黑安全會議上發表演講，討論結束烏克蘭戰爭的可能談判。
相反，他在多數席位上指責歐洲各國政府（包括英國政府）背棄自己的價值觀，忽視選民對移民和言論自由的擔憂。
會場內一片沉默，隨後，與會多名政界人士對這次演講進行了譴責。德國國防部長鮑里斯·皮斯托利斯稱，這是「不可接受的」。
萬斯重申了川普政府的立場，即歐洲必須「大力加強自身防禦」。
談話中提到了烏克蘭戰爭，萬斯表示，美國總統唐納德·川普本週稍早意外宣布，他和俄羅斯總統普丁同意開始和平談判，他希望雙方能夠達成「合理的解決方案」。
但萬斯的演講主要關注文化戰爭議題以及川普競選美國總統的關鍵主題——這與年度會議上通常的安全和防禦討論有所不同。
他指控歐盟「委員」壓制言論自由，將大規模移民歸咎於歐洲大陸，並指責歐洲大陸領導人背離了「一些最基本的價值」。
歐盟外交政策負責人卡賈·卡拉斯稱萬斯“試圖挑起與歐洲的爭端”，而歐洲是美國最親密的盟友之一。
分析：萬斯抨擊歐洲，忽視烏克蘭和國防議程
JD Vance 快速指南
烏克蘭最終結果：雙方希望從和平協議中得到什麼
美國前駐俄羅斯大使麥克福爾向《政客》表示，萬斯的言論「具有侮辱性」並且「從經驗上看並不符合事實」。
萬斯用20分鐘的演講重點提到了包括英國在內的幾個歐洲國家。
他提起了一個法律案件，其中一名退伍軍人在墮胎診所外默默祈禱，因違反中心周圍 150 公尺的安全區而被判有罪。
該安全區於 2022 年 10 月設立，禁止支持或反對墮胎服務的活動，包括抗議、騷擾和守夜。
但萬斯認為「英國宗教信徒的基本自由」尤其受到威脅。
萬斯繼續批評使用法律來執行緩衝區，稱言論自由正在倒退，並指控蘇格蘭政府已經警告人們不要在自己的家中私下祈禱。
蘇格蘭政府對此回應稱，萬斯的說法“不正確”，該法規“經過精心起草，僅針對少數提供墮胎服務的場所附近的故意或魯莽行為”。
在德國緊張的全國大選前九天，他談到了德國國內圍繞主流政黨維持所謂不與極右翼德國選擇黨（AfD）合作的「防火牆」的激烈辯論。
自從納粹政權被擊敗並在德國恢復民主以來的幾十年裡，德國主要政黨已經達成共識，不與極右翼政黨合作。
萬斯說：“民主建立在人民的聲音至關重要的神聖原則之上。” “防火牆是沒有餘地的。你要么堅持原則，要么不堅持。”
德國選擇黨總理候選人艾麗絲·韋德爾隨後在X上分享了其部分演講內容，並稱讚其「非常精彩」。據德國公共廣播公司 ZDF 報道，兩人隨後進行了會面。
皮斯托利斯在自己的演講中直接向萬斯發表講話，並表示：「美國副總統對整個歐洲的民主提出了質疑。
「他談論的是民主的毀滅，」皮斯托利斯繼續說道。 “如果我沒有誤解的話，他是在將歐洲部分地區的情況與獨裁政權的情況進行比較……這是不可接受的。”
萬斯也提到了羅馬尼亞的總統選舉。解密文件顯示，該選舉遭到俄羅斯政府乾預，因此，該選舉於 12 月被宣布無效。
萬斯在會議上表示：“如果一個外國幾十萬美元的數位廣告就能摧毀你的民主，那麼你的民主從一開始就不夠強大。”
羅馬尼亞總理馬塞爾·喬拉庫表示，羅馬尼亞仍然是「歐洲與美國共同的民主價值的捍衛者」。
他在 X 上寫道：“羅馬尼亞所有當局都致力於通過賦予公民權力和保障投票自由來組織自由和公正的選舉。”
萬斯隨後在會議期間會見了烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基，這次會議主要討論俄羅斯的全面入侵。
澤連斯基在會晤中表示，需要開展更多工作來製定結束戰鬥的計劃，而萬斯則表示，兩人進行了「富有成效的」對話。
川普曾表示，美國、俄羅斯和烏克蘭官員將在慕尼黑舉行會晤，但莫斯科表示不會派代表團參加這場峰會。
JD Vance attacks Europe over free speech and migration
15 February 2025
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Emily Atkinson
BBC News
0:59
Watch key moments from Vance's speech in Munich
US Vice-President JD Vance has launched a scalding attack on European democracies, saying the greatest threat facing the continent was not from Russia and China, but "from within".
It had been expected that Vance would use his speech at the Munich Security Conference to address possible talks to end the war in Ukraine.
Instead, he spent the majority accusing European governments - including the UK's - of retreating from their values, and ignoring voter concerns on migration and free speech.
The address was met by silence in the hall, and later denounced by several politicians at the conference. German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius said it was "not acceptable".
Vance repeated the Trump administration's line that Europe must "step up in a big way to provide for its own defence".
The Ukraine war was mentioned, with Vance saying he hoped a "reasonable settlement" could be reached, after US President Donald Trump's surprise announcement earlier this week that he and Russia's Vladimir Putin had agreed to begin peace talks.
But Vance's address otherwise focused on culture-war issues and key themes of Trump's campaign for the US presidency - a departure from the usual security and defence discussions at the annual conference.
He alleged European Union "commissars" were suppressing free speech, blamed the continent for mass migration, and accused its leaders of retreating from "some of its most fundamental values".
The EU's foreign policy chief, Kaja Kallas, characterised Vance as "trying to pick a fight" with Europe, home to some of the US's closest allies.
Analysis: Vance's blast on Europe ignores Ukraine and defence agenda
A quick guide to JD Vance
Ukraine end game: What each side wants from a peace deal
Michael McFaul, the former US ambassador to Russia, told Politico Vance's remarks were "insulting" and "just empirically not true".
Vance used his 20-minute speech to single out several European nations, including the UK.
He raised a legal case in which an army veteran who silently prayed outside an abortion clinic was convicted of breaching an 150-metre safe zone around the centre.
The safe zone, introduced in October 2022, bans activity in favour or against abortion services, including protests, harassment and vigils.
But Vance argued that the "basic liberties of religious Britons, in particular" were under threat.
Vance went on to criticise the use of laws enforcing buffer zones, saying that free speech was in retreat and alleging that the Scottish government had warned people against private prayer within their own homes.
In response, the Scottish government said Vance's claim was "incorrect" and the law was "carefully drafted to capture only intentional or reckless behaviour close to a small number of premises providing abortion services".
Nine days before a tense national election in Germany, he touched on a heated debate in the country around mainstream political parties maintaining a so-called "firewall" of non-cooperation with the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party.
In the decades since democracy was restored in Germany after the defeat of the Nazis, there has been a consensus among its main political parties not to work with far-right parties.
"Democracy rests on the sacred principle that the voice of the people matters," Vance said. "There's no room for firewalls. You either uphold the principle or you don't."
The AfD's candidate for chancellor, Alice Weidel, later shared parts of his speech on X, praising it as "excellent". The two reportedly met afterwards, according to German public broadcaster ZDF.
In his own speech, Pistorius directly addressed Vance, saying: "Democracy was called into question by the US vice-president for the whole of Europe.
"He speaks of the annihilation of democracy," Pistorius continued. "And if I have understood him correctly, he is comparing conditions in parts of Europe with those in authoritarian regimes... that is not acceptable."
Vance also made reference to the presidential election in Romania, which was annulled in December after declassified documents suggested it had been targeted by Russian state interference.
Vance told the conference: "If your democracy can be destroyed with a few $100,000 of digital advertising from a foreign country, then it wasn't very strong to begin with."
Romanian Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu said his country remains "a defender of the democratic values that Europe shares with the USA".
"All RO [Romanian] authorities are committed to organising free and fair elections by empowering citizens and guaranteeing the freedom to vote," he wrote on X.
Vance later met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on the sidelines of the conference, which has otherwise mainly focussed on Russia's full-scale invasion.
Zelensky said during the meeting that more work was needed on planning to end the fighting, while Vance said the pair shared a "fruitful" conversation.
Trump had said US, Russian and Ukrainian officials would meet in Munich, but Moscow has said it is not sending a delegation to the summit.
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