1945 年 9 月 10 日左右,日本大橋戰俘營的前加拿大囚犯看到了自己的救贖。
Kanao Inouye井上 加奈雄
カナオ・イノウエ(Kanao Inouye、日本名:井上 加奈雄、1914年[1] - 1947年8月27日)は、第二次世界大戦後に大逆罪で裁かれた日系カナダ人である。
彼は大日本帝国陸軍および同陸軍憲兵隊のもとで通訳や収容所看守として勤務し、「カムループス・キッド」(Kamloops Kid)あるいは「スラップハッピー」(Slap Happy)と通称されていた。
京王電気軌道(現・京王電鉄)の創業者である井上篤太郎の孫、京王帝都電鉄第4代社長の井上正忠の従弟にあたる。
這些人自四年前香港淪陷以來一直被監禁,他們期待美國的解放。他們會收到這樣的訊息,但目前,他們的訪客只是加拿大陸軍上尉和一名下士。
兩人的到來證實了戰爭確實已經結束。然而,這本身並不令人意外,因為大橋是最早獲悉 1945 年 8 月 15 日日本投降消息的集中營之一。
此外,自勝利日以來,囚犯們被美國空投的食品包淹沒,以至於他們製作了一個巨大的標語,上面寫著「不再」。
儘管如此,見到他們的同胞還是令人振奮。儘管關於他們回家的消息很少,但空氣中瀰漫著歡呼聲,因為一個截然不同的消息傳來:以製造恐怖和酷刑而聞名的獄警井上香男已被捕,正在等待對其行為的審判。
因實施恐怖和酷刑而聞名的獄警井上加納奧 (Kanao Inouye) 已被抓獲,正在等待對其行為進行審判。
井上即將到來的正義審判的意義超出了許多盟軍囚犯對俘虜他們的蔑視。畢竟,井上並不是日本旭日下長大的,而是在不列顛哥倫比亞省坎盧普斯長大的
這位日裔加拿大人於 1916 年 5 月 24 日出生於移民家庭,他的童年很艱難。
他的父親 Tadashi 在第一次世界大戰期間在加拿大軍隊服役時獲得了軍事獎章。但回到坎盧普斯,據說年輕的卡納奧遭受了種族主義虐待。
那些記憶一直伴隨著他。到 1930 年代中期,高中畢業後,他決定離開加拿大。井上前往日本繼續深造。在那裡,他就讀於東京早稻田大學,並於 1940 年轉學到一所農學院。
1941 年 12 月,井上得知日本襲擊香港的消息。這個由加拿大皇家步槍隊和溫尼伯擲彈兵隊部分保衛的英國殖民地在聖誕節那天陷落。
他的命運似乎已經註定。根據日本法律,日本父親的兒子,透過其國籍,他自己也是日本公民;因此,1942年,井上被任命為裕仁天皇服務。
井上流利的英語很快就被認為是日本帝國陸軍的重要資產。不久之後,這位不列顛哥倫比亞省人被派往香港深水埗戰俘營擔任翻譯。
正是在這裡,加拿大囚犯第一次見到了井上,至少根據那些曾經對他發怒的人來說,井上讓多年的怨恨浮出水面。在這些人的眼中,警衛和翻譯已經獲得了權力地位──以及復仇的手段。
儘管井上的確切動機此後成為了相當多爭論的話題,但深水埗的敘述卻顯示出明顯的暴力能力。有一次,他毆打了一名營養不良的加拿大人,因為他沒有拿起木板。當那個渾身是血、傷痕累累的囚犯表示反抗時,他的肩膀被步槍槍托擊中,鎖骨骨折。
在另一個例子中,井上抓到一名溫尼伯擲彈兵與哨兵交易食物。隨後,這名戰俘被罰站了兩天兩夜,手裡拿著一桶水,面前保持一臂距離。每當加拿大人猶豫不決時,警衛──包括井上──就會用皮帶抽打他。
擲彈兵同胞阿特·巴林格爾因未能向來訪的日本將軍敬禮而成為受害者。儘管在察覺到違規行為發生時他的雙手已經滿了,但井上還是用劍的鈍邊打了他的臉。巴林格爾牙齒斷了,在醫院住了大約兩個月。
擲彈兵吉姆·莫瑞繼續遭受酷刑,他被綁在一根柱子上,嘴巴被膠帶封住,鼻子裡塞著燃燒的香菸。
約翰·諾里斯是一名軍官,井上將他打得不省人事,他幾乎失去了一隻眼睛。
然而,井上令人生畏的存在卻銘刻在倖存者的心中。
在深水埗期間,這位日裔加拿大翻譯也參與了智力遊戲。井上在與囚犯說英語時不受口音的影響,他可以偷偷溜到戰俘團體後面,批評日本人,等待任何人同意,然後在懲罰罪犯之前揭露欺騙行為。
井上因其地理出身而被稱為“坎盧普斯小子”,因其行為而被稱為“掌摑快樂”,當他最終離開香港時,他對囚犯的折磨就結束了。然而,他那令人生畏的存在的記憶卻銘刻在倖存者的心裡,包括那些後來被送到日本當奴隸的人。
正是這些倖存者的敘述推動了他漫長的審判,首先是戰爭罪,然後是叛國罪。
井上是否應該以加拿大公民的身份被指控叛國罪,還是以日本士兵的身份接受英國戰爭罪法庭的審判,問題很快就浮出水面。最初,麥肯齊·金總理的內閣站在後者一邊,儘管爭議影響了隨後的進程。
最終,井上承認了他的英國臣民身份——作為加拿大人,仍然是大英帝國的一部分——接受了由民事法庭監督的第二次審判。在那裡,根據1351 年《叛國罪法》(該法通過英屬北美法延伸至加拿大),他被判處絞刑。
1947年8月下旬,井上登上香港赤柱監獄的絞刑架。據報道,在活板門落下、繩索拉緊之前,他的最後一句話是“萬歲”,這是日本人的戰鬥口號,也是對日本天皇的祝福。
坎盧普斯小子就這樣倒下了。
It was on or around Sept. 10, 1945, when the former Canadian prisoners of Ohashi prisoner-of-war camp in Japan laid eyes on their salvation.
The men, having been imprisoned since the fall of Hong Kong almost four years earlier, expected an American liberation. This they would receive but, for now, their visitors turned out to be a single Canadian army captain and a corporal.
The pair’s arrival confirmed that the war was indeed over. That unto itself was hardly a surprise, however, as Ohashi had been one of the first camps to learn of the Japanese capitulation on Aug. 15, 1945.
Moreover, since VJ-Day, the prisoners had been so inundated with food parcels from U.S. air drops that they had created a giant sign reading “No more.”
It was nevertheless heartening to see their countrymen. Despite little news surrounding their return home, cheers filled the air at a very different announcement: Kanao Inouye, a prison guard known for inflicting terror and torture, had been captured and was awaiting trial for his actions.
Kanao Inouye, a prison guard known for inflicting terror and torture, had been captured and was awaiting trial for his actions.
The significance of Inouye’s impending justice went beyond the disdain so many Allied prisoners had developed toward their captors. Inouye, after all, had not been raised beneath Japan’s rising sun, but in Kamloops, B.C.
Born to immigrant parents on May 24, 1916, the Japanese Canadian laid claim to a difficult childhood.
His father, Tadashi, had earned the Military Medal while serving with Canadian forces during the First World War. But back in Kamloops, the young Kanao was said to have endured racist abuse.
Those memories stayed with him. By the mid-1930s, after graduating high school, he decided to leave Canada. Inouye travelled to Japan for further education. There, he attended Waseda University in Tokyo and, in 1940, transferred to an agricultural college.
In December 1941, Inouye would have learned of the Japanese assault on Hong Kong. The British colony, in part defended by The Royal Rifles of Canada and The Winnipeg Grenadiers, fell on Christmas Day.
His fate, it seemed, had been sealed. Under Japanese law, a son of a Japanese father was, by extension of that nationality, himself a Japanese citizen; therefore, in 1942 Inouye was called upon to serve Emperor Hirohito.
Inouye’s fluency in English was promptly recognised as a critical asset to the Imperial Japanese Army. A short time later, the B.C. native was sent to Hong Kong’s Sham Shui Po prisoner-of-war camp as an interpreter.
It was here that Canadian prisoners first met Inouye, who, at least according to those subjected to his ire, allowed years of resentment to bubble to the surface. In the eyes of these individuals, the guard and translator had been afforded a position of power—and the means for revenge.
Though Inouye’s precise motives have since become the topic of considerable debate, accounts from Sham Shui Po showcase a clear capacity for violence. In one instance, he beat a malnourished Canadian for not picking up a wooden plank. When that same bloodied and bruised prisoner expressed defiance, he received a rifle butt to the shoulder that broke his collarbone.
In another instance, Inouye caught a Winnipeg Grenadier trading food with a sentry. The PoW was subsequently made to stand for two days and nights holding a bucket of water in front of him at arm’s length. Any time the Canadian faltered, the guards—Inouye included—whipped him with their belts.
Fellow grenadier Art Ballingall became a victim when he failed to salute a visiting Japanese general. Despite his hands being full when the perceived infraction occurred, Inouye smacked him around the face with the blunt side of a sword. Ballingall spent about two months in the hospital with broken teeth.
The torture continued with grenadier Jim Murray, who was tied to a pole with his mouth taped shut and burning cigarettes placed in his nose.
John Norris, an officer, almost lost an eye when Inouye beat him senseless.
The memory of Inouye’s forbidding presence, however, was etched into the psyche of survivors.
While at Sham Shui Po, the Japanese-Canadian interpreter also participated in mind games. Unencumbered by an accent while speaking English to prisoners, Inouye could sneak up behind PoW groups, criticise the Japanese, wait for anyone to agree, then reveal the deception before punishing the culprits.
Dubbed the Kamloops Kid for his geographical origins and Slap Happy for his acts, Inouye’s tormenting of prisoners ended when he eventually left Hong Kong. The memory of his forbidding presence, however, was etched into the psyche of survivors, including those later sent to Japan as slave labourers.
It was the accounts of those survivors that would serve as the impetus for his lengthy trials, first for war crimes, then for treason.
Complications soon surfaced around whether Inouye should be charged with treason as a Canadian citizen or face a British war crimes court as a Japanese soldier. Initially, Prime Minister McKenzie King’s cabinet sided with the latter, although the controversy marred the ensuing proceedings.
Ultimately, recognising his British subject status—as a Canadian still part of the British Empire—Inouye received a second trial overseen by a civil court. There, under the Treason Act of 1351, which extended to Canada through the British North American Act, he was sentenced to death by hanging.
In late August 1947, Inouye ascended the gallows at Stanley Prison in Hong Kong. His final words—or word—was reportedly “banzai,” the Japanese battle cry and a blessing to the country’s emperor, before the trap door dropped and the rope went taut.
So fell the Kamloops Kid.
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