出售天使。僅需 1,000 美元。
經過大衛‧弗倫奇
觀點專欄作家
您正在閱讀的是 David French 的新聞通訊，該通訊僅供《時代》雜誌訂閱者閱讀。 對法律與文化、戰爭與和平、定義與分裂美國的深層趨勢的思考。
美國需要把95條論綱釘在巨型教堂的門上。
上個月，川普總統最忠實、最有力的福音派支持者之一、新白宮信仰辦公室的高級顧問葆拉·懷特 (Paula White) 開始為復活節提供「七種超自然祝福」。
如果你在逾越節和復活節期間“尊敬上帝”，“上帝就會為你指派一位天使，他將成為你敵人的敵人，他會給你帶來繁榮，他會帶走你的疾病，他會給你長壽，他會帶來遺產的增加，他還會帶來一個特別的祝福之年。”
這些非凡禮物的建議價格是向 Paula White Ministries 捐贈 1,000 美元或更多，如果健康、財富和天使還不夠的話，White 的部門還會贈送您一個華麗的沃特福德水晶十字架。
如果您認為懷特是唯一一個實施這種憤世嫉俗、異端詐騙的人，那麼讓我向您介紹洛倫佐·塞維爾 (Lorenzo Sewell)，他是川普最喜歡的另一位基督徒。他是一位底特律地區的牧師，今年 1 月在川普的第二次就職典禮上致祝福詞。
1 月 20 日下午，在國會大廈圓形大廳祈禱幾個小時後，Sewell在 X 上發帖稱，“加密社區很好心地向我發送了 $Lorenzo，因此我將我的代幣永久鎖定在流動池中，這樣我就永遠不會在社區中出售，而只會在我們的代幣繼續蓬勃發展的同時賺取費用！”
他補充說：“這真是美妙的一天，一切榮耀歸於上帝。”
到目前為止，可以肯定地說，福音派對川普的政治權力負有的責任比其他美國團體都要大。正是我的社區讓他兩次當選總統。如果你將白人福音派從他的聯盟中剔除，他在三次總統競選中都會以壓倒性優勢落敗。
在長達近十年的時間裡，川普比我一生中見過的任何一位總統都更能贏得福音派人士的心，我不得不承認，川普可能比現代任何其他共和黨總統都更能適應保守的福音派文化。
他與福音派的連結不僅是因為神學有缺陷。這是有缺陷的神學所造成的文化破碎的結果。而在美國基督教的某些領域，神學有嚴重缺陷，文化支離破碎，福音派人士並不認為川普與他們的價值觀有任何矛盾──他就像領導他們教會的男女一樣。
讓我們回顧 Paula White 和 Lorenzo Sewell 樹立的榜樣。兩位牧師都傳授了人們所熟知的「繁榮福音」的教義。其本質教導我們，只要你有足夠堅定的信念，你就會擁有健康和財富。
把它想像成正向思考的力量，得到上帝的支持（甚至保證）。如果你能說出你想要的東西並以耶穌的名義宣稱它，那麼你就能得到它。在這種基督教文化中，基督教的財富受到推崇。世俗的成功，他們稱之為“勝利”，被視為神恩的證明。
其他傳統可能尊重安靜、謙遜的牧師，他們熱愛和服務自己的社區，例如住在簡樸的牧師住宅里，或者過著滿足的中產階級生活，但繁榮教會的牧師卻以他的財富和權力而自豪。
事實上，這些牧師經常教導說，體現自己的信仰並從而得到上帝祝福的最具體方式就是為牧師的事工奉獻更多的錢。您透過犧牲來豐富您的牧師，從而展示您的信仰。
傳統的基督徒習慣捐錢來幫助窮人並維持教會的燈火。信奉成功神學的基督徒會捐錢購買牧師的官邸，極端情況下，還會捐錢購買牧師的私人飛機。
但事情就在這裡變得真正奇怪了。儘管牧師明顯在剝削人們，但這些會眾並不喜歡他。他們受到牧師財富的鼓舞，熱情地向牧師捐款，希望透過向牧師提供絕對的忠誠（包括他們的財務資源），他們有一天也能享受同樣的財富和權力。
可以將其視為一種投資策略－牧師向信徒承諾，他們將獲得「百倍」的回報（扭曲馬可福音中的一段話）。
從這個意義上來說，川普自己的騙局又怎麼會讓人覺得有那麼一點冒犯呢？當你正在欣賞沃特福德水晶十字架，相信上帝指派的天使在看著你，並將你的敵人變成上帝的敵人時，為什麼你會對川普兜售自己的加密貨幣或出售川普聖經感到反感呢？
懷特和塞維爾都是獨立靈恩運動的一部分，該運動也被稱為獨立網絡靈恩基督教。
獨立靈恩派信徒大體上是堅信上帝的超自然現象（如治癒和預言的天賦）並在非宗派教堂進行禮拜的基督徒。
他們的教會通常由牧師建立，而牧師們對他們自己以外的任何更高的世俗權威都只負責。牧師的教會委員會處於從屬地位，沒有教派結構，牧師聲稱他們傳道和教導的權威直接來自上帝。
週二，我採訪了馬修泰勒，他是獨立魅力運動專家，也是《暴力奪取：威脅我們民主的基督教運動》一書的作者。泰勒告訴我，我應該把這場運動的神學看成一條包含許多不同神學線索的繩索。在不同的教會中，不同的主線可能更為突出，但絕大多數教會都包含相同的基本主線。
除了成功福音之外，還有「恩膏」的概念，即不可撤銷的神聖領導權威。許多教會也非常強調各種形式的統治主義，即相信基督徒有權統治。
人們也非常重視《舊約》，包括相信上帝對古代以色列國的命令和承諾既適用於今天的教會，也適用於個別基督徒。
例如，《申命記》告訴古代以色列人，如果他們遵守上帝的命令，他們將成為「頭而不是尾」。現在這被解釋為一個承諾：如果基督徒服從上帝，他們就會獲得巨大的成功，而服從上帝意味著把錢交給牧師。
泰勒說，其結果形成了一種“人類的雙層觀”，即認為上帝的子民是被選中統治的人，深受上帝的青睞，而其他人都是邪惡的工具，或者用激進牧師和先知喜歡的說法，都是“魔鬼”，民主黨成員被稱為“民主黨人”。
懷特出售天使的行為可能是異端和剝削性的，但也是荒謬和滑稽的。然而，這場運動最黑暗的言論卻毫無喜劇性。
泰勒讓我觀看著名獨立魅力先知喬納森·卡恩的一段「預言」。您可能不知道卡恩是誰，但他是美國最受歡迎的基督教公眾人物之一。他撰寫過多本暢銷書，並於 2019 年登上《泰晤士報》。
卡恩發表了泰勒所說的“耶戶預言”，他將特朗普比作耶戶，耶戶是古代以色列的一位殘暴國王，因殺死在他之前的以色列邪惡女王耶洗別而聞名。
在《聖經》中，耶戶下令處死耶洗別，並用他的馬踐踏她的屍體。野狗來了，吃掉了她的屍體。耶戶的人屠殺了前任國王的兒子，並將他們的頭堆在城門口。
正如泰勒去年所言，「在其他情況下，卡恩已經明確表示，在他的類型學中，如果川普是耶戶，那麼哈里斯就是耶洗別。」2016 年，她扮演希拉蕊·柯林頓。在預言中，卡恩說，上帝召喚川普“是按照戰士國王耶戶的模板。他召喚耶戶讓他的國家再次偉大。耶戶來到首都，帶著排幹沼澤的計劃。”
卡恩的辯護者可能會說這只是一種精神上的類比。他預言的不是死亡和毀滅，而是失敗和恥辱。但是如果你聽到這些話（我鼓勵你真的去觀看視頻，因為真的，必須親眼看到才能理解），你是否會驚訝於美國基督教中的同情心正在逐漸減弱？難怪川普主義基督徒經常對他們的敵人表達出非凡的怨恨？
按照這種顛倒的思維方式，考慮到耶戶對耶洗別所做的事，當川普剝奪移民的正當程序，或在街上抓捕政治異見者，或取消政治對手甚至前盟友的安全保障時，他並不是殘忍；他表現出仁慈。
獨立靈恩派是保守福音派的一個分支。無數川普的基督教選民對他的極端追隨者的神學和道德觀感到震驚。我所愛和尊敬的人投票給了川普，他們認為懷特是異教徒並拒絕卡恩的預言。
但如果高估川普獨立魅力人物的數量（他們是美國基督徒中的少數）是一個錯誤，那麼低估他們的影響力也是一個錯誤。懷特為川普工作。塞維爾在川普的就職典禮上祈禱。正如泰勒在他的書中所解釋的那樣，獨立的魅力人物是川普試圖竊取 2020 年大選的基督教突擊隊——無論是在網路上，還是在 1 月 6 日的現實生活中。
1517 年，馬丁路德向德國維滕貝格城堡教會遞交了他的《九十五條論綱》，其中部分內容是為了批判天主教會販賣「贖罪券」的腐敗行為。 「贖罪券」是一種赦免罪的憑證，本意是用來縮短煉獄折磨時間。
正如《傳道書》所說，「太陽底下無新鮮事」。放縱又回來了，而且比以前更好。現在他們帶著守護天使和水晶十字架。那些為個人利益而購買天使的人並不是偽君子。他們實踐著自己被教導的價值觀。
因此，當川普最激進的基督教追隨者看到川普炫耀的財富，看到他對敵人怒不可遏，看到他尋求不受制約的權力並為了個人利益兜售小玩意時，他們都覺得這是一回事。
他們沒有將他視為獨裁者、暴君或騙子。他們看到總統以他們敬愛的牧師的形像出現。
我還做了一些其他的事情。
在我的周日專欄中，我回顧了一下 Signal 聊天醜聞，以便更全面地了解它。它與川普政府在軍事方面的其他行動有何關聯？
美國和俄羅斯軍隊之間的差異很容易理解。從本質上來說，美國軍隊是專業化的。俄羅斯軍隊是政治性的。這並不意味著俄羅斯軍隊沒有專業元素；當情況危急時，政治忠誠才是最終的價值。如果你對普丁堅定不移的忠誠，你就能達到最高的境界。如果你不這樣做，那麼你可能會失去你的事業（甚至你的生命）。傳統上，在美國軍隊中，政治與你的升遷無關。如果政治真的介入，就會被視為嚴重違反軍事精神。人們甚至很少知道美國海軍上將和將軍的政治派系。例如，當德懷特·艾森豪威爾從陸軍退休時，兩黨都競相爭取他成為總統候選人。按照士兵的信條，美國士兵不僅僅是一名戰士；他是「美國生活方式」的守護者。人們不能透過違背和違反美國政治自由和問責的基本原則來捍衛美國的生活方式。川普的總統任期從根本上來說是反體制的。如果有什麼能讓他和盟友團結一致（除了對川普的熱愛），那就是破壞的慾望，打破現狀的慾望，摧毀體系的慾望。但如果他破壞的系統恰好是世界上最好的系統呢？
本週，《時代觀點》雜誌也發布了我與亞歷山德拉·格利甚琴斯卡·格拉比亞斯（Aleksandra Gliszczynska-Grabias）的一段精彩的播客對話。亞歷山德拉是波蘭法學教授，也是無黨派法學教授和法官聯盟的成員，她幫助團結波蘭公民擊敗了法律與公正黨內藐視法治的右翼民粹主義者。
這次談話很有趣、很鼓舞人心，但也令人警醒。打敗民粹主義需要時間：
弗倫奇：我對此非常感興趣，因為聽起來，您使用的主要說服手段之一就是非常耐心地進行公眾教育，走出去，接觸民眾。在美國，我們可能會使用“舉辦研討會”這樣的詞，或者有些人可能會稱之為“示威遊行”，在示威遊行中，你親自去向人們講授利害關係和原因。那麼這個過程持續了多久？再說一次，你知道，在美國，人們非常重視現在、現在、現在採取行動：我們能立即做些什麼來帶來改變？但您所描述的似乎真正的改變實際上需要一些時間。Gliszczynska-Grabias：說實話，這花了好幾年的時間。當然，最初的震驚和真正意識到發生了什麼並不是採取行動的時刻。但是，這種教育活動以及法官和檢察官前往小城市和城鎮的活動——這種活動一直在進行，我可以肯定地說，已經有五、六年了。因此，這需要付出巨大的努力，而且許多人也付出了個人代價。所以這是一種協調行動。但其中最重要的方面是改變人們對下次選舉如何投票的想法，儘管沒有法官或檢察官告訴他們遇到的人應該投票給誰。絕對不是。他們只是問：“政府當前的行為危及了哪些價值觀和法律？”
大衛‧弗倫奇 (David French) 就美國基督教發表的更多文章
大衛‧弗倫奇（David French）是一位觀點專欄作家，撰寫有關法律、文化、宗教和武裝衝突的文章。他是伊拉克自由行動的老兵，也是前憲法訴訟律師。他最近出版的一本書名為《分裂則滅亡：美國的分裂威脅及如何重建我們的國家》。您可以在 Threads ( @davidfrenchjag ) 上關注他。
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David French
Angels for Sale. Only $1,000.
By David French
Opinion Columnist
You’re reading the David French newsletter, for Times subscribers only. Reflections on law and culture, war and peace, and the deeper trends that define and divide America.
America needs to nail 95 theses to the megachurch door.
Last month, Paula White, one of President Trump’s most faithful and powerful evangelical supporters and a senior adviser to his new White House Faith Office, began offering “seven supernatural blessings” for the Easter season.
If you “honor God” during the period of Passover and Easter, “God will assign an angel to you, he’ll be an enemy to your enemies, he’ll give you prosperity, he’ll take sickness away from you, he will give you long life, he’ll bring increase in inheritance, and he’ll bring a special year of blessing.”
The suggested price for these extraordinary gifts is an offering to Paula White Ministries of $1,000 or more, and if health, wealth and an angel weren’t enough, White’s ministry will also give you a gorgeous Waterford crystal cross.
If you think White is alone in her cynical, heretical grift, then let me introduce you to Lorenzo Sewell, another of Trump’s Christian favorites. He’s a Detroit-area pastor who delivered a benediction at Trump’s second inauguration in January.
On the afternoon of Jan. 20, hours after he prayed in the Capitol Rotunda, Sewell posted on X, “The crypto community was kind enough to send me $Lorenzo, so I have permanently locked my tokens into a Liquidity Pool, so that I will never sell on the community but rather just earn fees as our token continues to flourish!”
“Amazing day, all the glory to God,” he added.
At this point, it’s safe to say that evangelicals are more responsible than any other American group for Trump’s political power. It is my community that has made him president — twice. If you removed white evangelicals in particular from his coalition, he would have lost all three of his presidential races by a landslide.
In 2016, Trump won 80 percent of the white evangelical vote. The rest of America voted for Hillary Clinton, by a 26-percentage-point margin, 60 to 34. In 2024, Trump won 82 percent of white evangelicals, and 40 percent of everyone else.
After almost 10 long years during which Trump has captured evangelical hearts more than any other president of my lifetime, I am forced to admit that Trump may have been better attuned to conservative evangelical culture than any other Republican president in the modern era.
His bond with evangelicals isn’t just a result of flawed theology. It’s a result of the broken culture that flawed theology helped create. And in some parts of American Christianity the theology is so flawed, and the culture is so broken, that evangelicals don’t see Trump contradicting their values at all — he’s exactly like the men and women who lead their church.
Let’s go back to the examples set by Paula White and Lorenzo Sewell. Both pastors teach elements of what’s popularly called the prosperity gospel. At its essence it teaches that health and wealth are yours if you possess sufficiently bold faith.
Think of it as the power of positive thinking, backed (or even guaranteed) by God. If you can name what you want and claim it in the name of Jesus, then you can have it. In this Christian culture, Christian wealth is admired. Secular success, which they call “victory,” is seen as proof of divine favor.
While other traditions may respect the quiet, humble pastor who loves and serves his community from, say, a modest parsonage or lives a contented, middle-class life, the pastor of the prosperity church glories in his wealth and power.
In fact, these pastors often teach that the most concrete way you can manifest your own faith and thus receive God’s blessing is by giving ever-greater amounts to the pastor’s ministry. You demonstrate your faith by sacrificing to enrich your pastor.
Traditional Christians are used to giving money to help the poor and to keep the lights on at church. Christians who follow the prosperity gospel give money for the pastor’s mansion, and — in extreme cases — the pastor’s jet.
But here’s where things get truly strange. These congregations don’t love the pastor in spite of his obvious exploitation. They give to him or her enthusiastically, inspired by the pastor’s wealth, hoping that by providing him or her their absolute devotion (including their financial resources) they, too, will one day enjoy the same wealth and power.
Think of it as a kind of investment strategy — pastors promise believers that they’ll receive a “hundredfold” return on their gifts (twisting a passage in the Gospel of Mark).
In that sense, why would Trump’s own scams be the least bit offensive? Why would you be offended by Trump hawking his own cryptocurrency or selling Trump Bibles when you’re enjoying your Waterford crystal cross, confident that God’s assigned angel is watching over you and making your enemies God’s enemies?
White and Sewell are part of the independent charismatic movement, also known as independent network charismatic Christianity.
Independent charismatics are Christians who, roughly speaking, believe strongly in the supernatural works of God (such as gifts of healing and prophecy) and worship at nondenominational churches.
Their churches are often founded by pastors who answer to no higher earthly authority than themselves. The pastors’ church boards are subservient, there is no denominational structure, and the pastors claim to receive their authority to preach and teach directly from God.
On Tuesday, I spoke to Matthew Taylor, an expert on the independent charismatic movement, and the author of the book, “The Violent Take It by Force: The Christian Movement That Is Threatening Our Democracy.” Taylor told me that I should think of the theology of the movement in terms of a rope that contains many different theological strands. In different churches, different strands may be more prominent, but a vast majority of the churches contain the same essential strands.
In addition to the prosperity gospel, there’s also the concept of an “anointing,” an irrevocable divine authority to lead. There’s also a heavy emphasis in many churches on various kinds of dominionism, the belief that Christians are entitled to rule.
There’s also a strong emphasis on the Old Testament, including the belief that God’s commands and promises to the ancient nation of Israel apply both to the church today and to individual Christians.
For example, the Book of Deuteronomy tells ancient Israelites that they are to be the “head and not the tail” if they obey God’s commands. This is now interpreted as a promise that individual Christians will enjoy great success if they obey God, and obeying God means giving the pastor their money.
The result, Taylor said, is a kind of “two-tiered vision of humanity” that sees God’s people as chosen to rule, highly favored by the Lord, and everyone else as instruments of evil, or, in the favored language of radical pastors and prophets, as “demonic,” with members of the Democratic Party labeled “demoncrats.”
White’s sale on angels may be heretical and exploitative, but it’s also absurd and comical. Yet there is nothing comical about the movement’s darkest rhetoric.
Taylor asked me to watch a “prophecy” by Jonathan Cahn, a prominent independent charismatic prophet. You might not know who Cahn is, but he’s one of the most popular Christian public figures in America. He’s written multiple best-selling books and was profiled in The Times in 2019.
Cahn delivered what Taylor called the “Jehu prophecy,” where he compared Trump to the Jehu, a vicious king in ancient Israel who is notable for the killing of Jezebel, the evil queen of Israel who came before him.
In Scripture, Jehu ordered the execution of Jezebel and trampled her body with his horse. Wild dogs came and ate her corpse. Jehu’s men then slaughtered a previous king’s sons and piled their heads at the city gates.
As Taylor posted last year, “In other contexts, Cahn has made clear that, in his typology, if Trump is Jehu, then Harris is Jezebel.” In 2016, she was Hillary Clinton. In the prophecy, Cahn says that God called Trump “according to the template of Jehu, the warrior king. He called Jehu to make his nation great again. Jehu came to the capital city with an agenda to drain the swamp.”
Cahn’s defenders might say that this was just a spiritual analogy. He’s not prophesying death and destruction, but rather defeat and disgrace. But if you listen to those words (and I encourage you to actually watch the video because, really, it has to be seen to be understood), is it any wonder that empathy is on the wane in American Christianity? Is it any wonder that Trumpist Christians often express extraordinary venom against their foes?
In this upside-down way of thinking, given what Jehu did to Jezebel, when Trump strips migrants of due process, or has political dissenters seized in the streets, or removes the security details from his political opponents and even his former allies, he’s not being cruel; he’s showing mercy.
Independent charismatics are a subset of conservative evangelicalism. There are countless Christian Trump voters who are appalled by the theology and morality of his more extreme followers. People I love and respect voted for Trump, and they think of White as a heretic and reject Cahn’s prophecies.
But if it’s a mistake to overestimate the numbers of Trump’s independent charismatics (they’re a minority of American Christians), it’s also a mistake to underestimate their influence. White works for Trump. Sewell prayed at Trump’s inauguration. And as Taylor explains in his book, independent charismatics were the Christian shock troops of Trump’s effort to steal the 2020 election — online and, on Jan. 6, in real life.
When Martin Luther sent his 95 Theses to the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517, he was in part attacking the Catholic Church’s corrupt sale of “indulgences,” pardons for sin that were supposed to reduce the period of torment in purgatory.
As the Book of Ecclesiastes declares, “there is nothing new under the sun.” Indulgences are back and better than ever. Now they come with guardian angels and crystal crosses. The people who buy angels for personal gain aren’t hypocrites. They’re living the values they’ve been taught to hold.
And so, when Trump’s most radical Christian followers see Trump’s ostentatious wealth, watch him seethe and rage at his enemies, observe him seeking unchecked power and peddle trinkets for personal gain, it’s all of a piece.
They don’t see a despot or a tyrant or a grifter. They see a president taking the form of a pastor they love.
Some other things I did.
In my Sunday column, I pulled back for a broader view of the Signal chat scandal. Where does it fit in context with the Trump administration’s other actions regarding the military?
The difference between the American and Russian militaries is easy to articulate. At its core, the U.S. military is professional. The Russian military is political. That doesn’t mean that the Russian military doesn’t have professional elements; it’s that when push comes to shove, political loyalty is the ultimate value.You can reach the highest heights if you have unwavering loyalty to Putin. If you do not, then you can forfeit your career (and even your life). Traditionally in the American military, politics is irrelevant to your advancement. And if politics does intrude, it’s seen as a grave breach of the military ethos.It’s rare to even know the political affiliation of American admirals and generals. When Dwight D. Eisenhower retired from the Army, for example, both parties courted him to be their presidential nominee.According to the soldier’s creed, an American soldier isn’t just a warrior; he’s a guardian of “the American way of life.” One does not defend the American way of life by contradicting and violating fundamental American principles of political freedom and accountability.Trump’s presidency is fundamentally anti-system. If there is anything that unites his coalition (apart from love of Trump), it’s the desire to disrupt, to break things, to smash the system. But what if the system that he’s breaking happens to be the best in the world?
This week, Times Opinion also released a fascinating podcast conversation I had with Aleksandra Gliszczynska-Grabias, a Polish law professor and a member of a nonpartisan coalition of law professors and judges who helped rally Polish citizens to defeat right-wing populists in the Law and Justice party who had defied the rule of law.
The conversation was interesting and inspiring, but it was also sobering. Defeating populism takes time:
French: I’m so interested in that because it sounds like one of the primary means of persuasion that you used was very patient public education, going out to people. In the United States, we might use a word like conducting a seminar, or some people might call it a teach-in, where you go and you literally teach people about the stakes and the cause. So how long was this process? Again, you know, here in the United States there’s a lot of emphasis on doing things now, now, now: What can we do right away that makes change? But what you’re describing seems like that real change actually took some time here.Gliszczynska-Grabias: It took years, to be honest. Of course, the first moment of shock and actually realizing what’s going on was not the moment for action. But, this educational element and going to small cities and towns by the judges and prosecutors — this was happening all the time, I would say, for sure, five, six years. So it took an enormous effort, and also by many of them a personal price to pay. So this was a kind of coordinated action. But the most important aspect of it was changing people’s minds as to how to vote in the next elections, even though none of the judges or none of the prosecutors were telling the people they met whom to vote for. Absolutely not. They were just saying, “What are the values and the laws that are endangered by the current actions of the government?”
David French is an Opinion columnist, writing about law, culture, religion and armed conflict. He is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom and a former constitutional litigator. His most recent book is “Divided We Fall: America’s Secession Threat and How to Restore Our Nation.” You can follow him on Threads (@davidfrenchjag).
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