Special Comfort Facilities Association
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1. outline
特殊慰安施設 / Recreation and Amusement Association
A term referring to a comfort station with prostitutes ( pangpang girls ) created in Japan after the defeat in World War II and the Pacific War exclusively for the Japanese occupation forces . It is also called RAA for short .
A term referring to a comfort station with prostitutes ( pangpang girls ) created in Japan after the defeat in World War II and the Pacific War exclusively for the Japanese occupation forces . It is also called RAA for short .
2. Detail
The women who worked at the Special Comfort Facilities Association at the time could actually be considered Japanese comfort women exclusively for the U.S. military in Japan . In Japan, ‘Japanese comfort women for US soldiers in Japan’ were also called yangppang . Naturally, Japanese prostitutes dealing with Japanese people were not called this. # There is quite a difference between the English name and the Chinese name. This is because the meaning of the word comfort in the Japanese military and the meaning in the US military are different, so in the US military , military comfort refers to the 'comfort performance' in Korea. It is said that at first the US military thought so too, but were very embarrassed when they found out the truth .
Of course, I was embarrassed at first, but soon I started using it. (...) At the time, there was a certain degree of fantasy about the East in the United States , so there were many works featuring Japanese women in the adult porn market, mainly in the West. And it has finally become a reality! Naturally, comfort in Japanese military terminology refers to prostitution itself.
In 1945, three days after the end of World War II (more precisely, the suspension of combat) On August 18 , even though it was scheduled to be disbanded soon, the U.S. military to take charge of the military administration was not yet stationed, so the Ministry of the Interior, which governs the mainland of the Japanese Empire, delivered a proclamation to the police chief and local magistrate of the prefectural office, devising countermeasures against the occupying force. As part of this, preparations were made to establish a comfort facility, which was officially launched on the 26th. There are some common rumors in Japan that the U.S. military forced this, but in reality, the Allied Supreme Command accepted what the Japanese Empire's Ministry of Home Affairs had independently created.
First of all, the basic idea is the same as the wartime Japanese military comfort women, but it is slightly different. Rather than going through middlemen like the comfort women claimed by Japanese right-wingers, “let’s build a breakwater for Japanese women!” The Japanese government openly recruited ordinary women under the slogan : In other words, in order to prevent vulnerable Japanese Asian women from being indiscriminately raped by the strong and violent sexual desires of American soldiers, they will protect vulnerable Japanese women by turning the sexual desires of American soldiers in a relatively healthy(?) direction. However , they were not openly made into sexual slaves as is commonly known, but strictly speaking , they were recruited as hostesses . Fortunately, this happened because the U.S. military was reluctant to openly create a ‘brothel.’
Initially, it was planned to hire a large number of professional prostitutes and geishas who could speak foreign languages, but too many Japanese prostitutes were already mobilized as comfort women, so it was not possible to recruit a sufficient number. Accordingly, the Special Comfort Facilities Association sought “new Japanese women” in the name of the association . Accommodation, clothing, and food are all provided. Notices with the same content were placed in downtown areas of Tokyo and other major cities where US troops were expected to be stationed, and newspaper advertisements were placed to recruit ordinary women.
From here, the fraud revealed in the Japanese military comfort women issue was replicated . A detailed explanation of the purpose of recruitment was not included in the advertisement, and many of the women who saw the advertisement had no experience working in the prostitution or hospitality industry. Fortunately, most of them gave up on getting a job after hearing the details of the job. Compared to the Japanese military comfort women issue, they did not go to the extent of 'forcibly kidnapping' their own citizens, but from the perspective of a war widow who had no immediate livelihood , it was impossible to get a job, and due to the nature of Japanese brothel culture, there was still a tendency for families to sell their daughters, so in the end, in September 1945, they were sold to the U.S. military . Around the time of Jinju, about 1,300 people were named as 'hostesses' of the association, and they engaged in business, that is, entertainment and prostitution , with American soldiers for about four months from the Jinju Jinju in September until January 1946 .
On January 21, 1946 , Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former first lady and renowned human rights activist, heard this story and became enraged.
Of course, I was embarrassed at first, but soon I started using it. (...) At the time, there was a certain degree of fantasy about the East in the United States , so there were many works featuring Japanese women in the adult porn market, mainly in the West. And it has finally become a reality! Naturally, comfort in Japanese military terminology refers to prostitution itself.
In 1945, three days after the end of World War II (more precisely, the suspension of combat) On August 18 , even though it was scheduled to be disbanded soon, the U.S. military to take charge of the military administration was not yet stationed, so the Ministry of the Interior, which governs the mainland of the Japanese Empire, delivered a proclamation to the police chief and local magistrate of the prefectural office, devising countermeasures against the occupying force. As part of this, preparations were made to establish a comfort facility, which was officially launched on the 26th. There are some common rumors in Japan that the U.S. military forced this, but in reality, the Allied Supreme Command accepted what the Japanese Empire's Ministry of Home Affairs had independently created.
First of all, the basic idea is the same as the wartime Japanese military comfort women, but it is slightly different. Rather than going through middlemen like the comfort women claimed by Japanese right-wingers, “let’s build a breakwater for Japanese women!” The Japanese government openly recruited ordinary women under the slogan : In other words, in order to prevent vulnerable Japanese Asian women from being indiscriminately raped by the strong and violent sexual desires of American soldiers, they will protect vulnerable Japanese women by turning the sexual desires of American soldiers in a relatively healthy(?) direction. However , they were not openly made into sexual slaves as is commonly known, but strictly speaking , they were recruited as hostesses . Fortunately, this happened because the U.S. military was reluctant to openly create a ‘brothel.’
Initially, it was planned to hire a large number of professional prostitutes and geishas who could speak foreign languages, but too many Japanese prostitutes were already mobilized as comfort women, so it was not possible to recruit a sufficient number. Accordingly, the Special Comfort Facilities Association sought “new Japanese women” in the name of the association . Accommodation, clothing, and food are all provided. Notices with the same content were placed in downtown areas of Tokyo and other major cities where US troops were expected to be stationed, and newspaper advertisements were placed to recruit ordinary women.
From here, the fraud revealed in the Japanese military comfort women issue was replicated . A detailed explanation of the purpose of recruitment was not included in the advertisement, and many of the women who saw the advertisement had no experience working in the prostitution or hospitality industry. Fortunately, most of them gave up on getting a job after hearing the details of the job. Compared to the Japanese military comfort women issue, they did not go to the extent of 'forcibly kidnapping' their own citizens, but from the perspective of a war widow who had no immediate livelihood , it was impossible to get a job, and due to the nature of Japanese brothel culture, there was still a tendency for families to sell their daughters, so in the end, in September 1945, they were sold to the U.S. military . Around the time of Jinju, about 1,300 people were named as 'hostesses' of the association, and they engaged in business, that is, entertainment and prostitution , with American soldiers for about four months from the Jinju Jinju in September until January 1946 .
On January 21, 1946 , Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former first lady and renowned human rights activist, heard this story and became enraged.
In fact, these establishments were found all over the world wherever US troops were stationed, but Japan was the only country that established facilities in advance at the level of the government of a defeated country to serve US soldiers . The reason why Mrs. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was outraged by this issue was largely because she was a person who was actively involved in women's human rights issues and was also greatly shocked by the idea of a brothel being run at the government level. In addition, many of the waitresses belonging to the Special Comfort Facilities Association are ordinary people, so they lack knowledge of sex, and they are not strictly managed like public brothels or brothels , but are secondary-oriented establishments. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases also became a problem. As a result, the 'Special Comfort Facilities Association' was eventually abolished by the occupation army command.
And here another problem arose. No compensation was given to women for subjects recruited by the government .
At this time, most of the women who lost their jobs when they were disbanded said that this was all they had learned and ended up working again in bars and businesses near the comfort stations of the existing Special Comfort Facilities Association, where they once again dealt with US soldiers in Japan. It's a funny story, but it is said that the treatment was better at that time. When he belonged to the association, he had to give all tips he personally received from opposing U.S. soldiers to the association, but it is said that after joining the brothel , it all became his personal income.
These receptionists belonging to the Special Comfort Facility Association are the originators of modern Japanese hostesses .
Also, regarding this matter, the U.S. military eventually put pressure on the Japanese government to issue the Potsdam Order on January 15, 1947.[1] The Imperial Edict No. 9, <Edict on Punishment of Persons Who Cause Prostitution by Women, etc.>, was issued in the name of the Emperor of Japan.
This is modern Japan , which simultaneously punishes sex sellers and pimps while not punishing sex buyers. This is the background to the laws against brothels and human trafficking . In any country, there is a high possibility that women working in the prostitution industry are considered to have been trafficked , but in Japan, although this has been continuously banned several times since the 1870s, it has always been famously ignored, and even when overseas expansion is prohibited by law, they boldly advance overseas. It even became Japan's main source of foreign currency income. However, since this Royal Decree No. 9, human trafficking, at least targeting Japanese people, has decreased significantly compared to the previous ban on human trafficking .
Afterwards, it is believed that there were 70,000 to 80,000 of these prostitutes nationwide in 1946, and close to 100,000 in 1952 when the Korean War intensified. The number decreased sharply after the enforcement of the 'Prostitution Prevention Act' in 1956 (Showa 31), but the Vietnam War It is said that it always existed around U.S. military bases even in the late 1960s when this intensification took place.
For your information, these 'bangbang girls' were a great help in earning foreign currency for Japan after the war. It is estimated that as much as $150 million of the foreign currency earned by Japan in 1952 was 'foreign currency earned' through these 'bangbang girls ' prostitution for U.S. troops stationed in Japan. It is said that the foreign currency earned by these ‘Bangbang Girls’ was a great help to the Japanese economy at the time. In other words, it can be evaluated that, unlike its original purpose of being a "breakwater of the body" to prevent sexual crimes by soldiers of the Allied Occupation Forces stationed in Japan, as time passed, the purpose of its establishment was completely transformed into "earning foreign currency for the country." . source
And here another problem arose. No compensation was given to women for subjects recruited by the government .
At this time, most of the women who lost their jobs when they were disbanded said that this was all they had learned and ended up working again in bars and businesses near the comfort stations of the existing Special Comfort Facilities Association, where they once again dealt with US soldiers in Japan. It's a funny story, but it is said that the treatment was better at that time. When he belonged to the association, he had to give all tips he personally received from opposing U.S. soldiers to the association, but it is said that after joining the brothel , it all became his personal income.
These receptionists belonging to the Special Comfort Facility Association are the originators of modern Japanese hostesses .
Also, regarding this matter, the U.S. military eventually put pressure on the Japanese government to issue the Potsdam Order on January 15, 1947.[1] The Imperial Edict No. 9, <Edict on Punishment of Persons Who Cause Prostitution by Women, etc.>, was issued in the name of the Emperor of Japan.
This is modern Japan , which simultaneously punishes sex sellers and pimps while not punishing sex buyers. This is the background to the laws against brothels and human trafficking . In any country, there is a high possibility that women working in the prostitution industry are considered to have been trafficked , but in Japan, although this has been continuously banned several times since the 1870s, it has always been famously ignored, and even when overseas expansion is prohibited by law, they boldly advance overseas. It even became Japan's main source of foreign currency income. However, since this Royal Decree No. 9, human trafficking, at least targeting Japanese people, has decreased significantly compared to the previous ban on human trafficking .
Afterwards, it is believed that there were 70,000 to 80,000 of these prostitutes nationwide in 1946, and close to 100,000 in 1952 when the Korean War intensified. The number decreased sharply after the enforcement of the 'Prostitution Prevention Act' in 1956 (Showa 31), but the Vietnam War It is said that it always existed around U.S. military bases even in the late 1960s when this intensification took place.
For your information, these 'bangbang girls' were a great help in earning foreign currency for Japan after the war. It is estimated that as much as $150 million of the foreign currency earned by Japan in 1952 was 'foreign currency earned' through these 'bangbang girls ' prostitution for U.S. troops stationed in Japan. It is said that the foreign currency earned by these ‘Bangbang Girls’ was a great help to the Japanese economy at the time. In other words, it can be evaluated that, unlike its original purpose of being a "breakwater of the body" to prevent sexual crimes by soldiers of the Allied Occupation Forces stationed in Japan, as time passed, the purpose of its establishment was completely transformed into "earning foreign currency for the country." . source
3. digression
Postwar socialist mystery novel Seicho Matsumoto, who made a name for himself as a writer , lived in Jeollabuk-do , Joseon. When facing defeat in Jeongeup, he recalled, "The Japanese garrison authorities tried to create 'an organization like this' by selecting women from among the Japanese residents for the U.S. Jinju Army ." Of course, the American soldiers who came to Jeongeup to disarm did not recognize ‘this type of organization.’ The reason is as explained above.
Huh Moon-soon, who wrote the annals of the patriotic corps, <The Wall of Anger> , tried to deal with the Special Comfort Facility Association as a follow-up to her work .
Sohachi Yamaoka , the author of the long-awaited original , wrote an article affirming this ‘Special Comfort Facility Association’. In the 1960s and 1970s, while managing the Korean Yanggongju that entertained US troops stationed in Korea , high-ranking officials in the Korean government made remarks affirming the Japanese Special Comfort Facility Association .
The Japanese pink movie <The Door to the Body> depicts the atmosphere of this era well. The story related to RAA also appears in Matsumoto Seicho 's novel, 'Zero Focus' (Korean Jeong Invention: Zero Focus) . One of the important points of the work.
Mizuryu Kei has a history of drawing doujinshi based on the 'Special Comfort Facility Association' by borrowing the setting of the fleet collection .
Huh Moon-soon, who wrote the annals of the patriotic corps, <The Wall of Anger> , tried to deal with the Special Comfort Facility Association as a follow-up to her work .
Sohachi Yamaoka , the author of the long-awaited original , wrote an article affirming this ‘Special Comfort Facility Association’. In the 1960s and 1970s, while managing the Korean Yanggongju that entertained US troops stationed in Korea , high-ranking officials in the Korean government made remarks affirming the Japanese Special Comfort Facility Association .
The Japanese pink movie <The Door to the Body> depicts the atmosphere of this era well. The story related to RAA also appears in Matsumoto Seicho 's novel, 'Zero Focus' (Korean Jeong Invention: Zero Focus) . One of the important points of the work.
Mizuryu Kei has a history of drawing doujinshi based on the 'Special Comfort Facility Association' by borrowing the setting of the fleet collection .
4. Extra ( Karayuki-san )
Although it is different from the Special Comfort Facility Association, there was already a past in Japan where Japanese women were used for sexual purposes. This is the word Karayuki-san that was used to refer to Japanese women who were sent in large numbers overseas as prostitutes in the 19th and early 20th centuries to earn foreign currency . At the time, the Japanese government praised them as an army of prostitutes. When the country had just opened its doors to Western powers, Japan had no proper products to export overseas, so it sent Karayuki-san overseas and the profits they earned from prostitution were used to finance the government. Because he was planning to use it for , he even praised Karayuki-san as a patriot.
Even Yukichi Fukuzawa, a representative modern Japanese intellectual, said , “The export of prostitutes overseas should be actively encouraged and not prevented.” I viewed Karayuki-san positively enough to say that. It was even said that around 1910, when the number of Karayuki merchants was at its peak, 10% of Japan's total export amount was money that Karayuki merchants earned through prostitution abroad and remitted back to Japan.[2] They are said to have also carried out activities such as information collection overseas.[3] Link 1 , Link 2 , Link 3 , Link 4 , Link 5
Even Yukichi Fukuzawa, a representative modern Japanese intellectual, said , “The export of prostitutes overseas should be actively encouraged and not prevented.” I viewed Karayuki-san positively enough to say that. It was even said that around 1910, when the number of Karayuki merchants was at its peak, 10% of Japan's total export amount was money that Karayuki merchants earned through prostitution abroad and remitted back to Japan.[2] They are said to have also carried out activities such as information collection overseas.[3] Link 1 , Link 2 , Link 3 , Link 4 , Link 5
5.
[1] Administrative order issued by the Japanese government under the command of the US military in accordance with the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration .[2] The number of Karayuki merchants who went overseas during the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War is estimated at approximately 300,000. According to one theory, the profits made by Karayuki merchants through prostitution were used to prepare Japan for the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War.(...)[3] Jamie Bisher (2006). White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian. Routledge. p. 59. ISBN 978-1135765958. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
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