我無法與所有日本人交談,而且在沖繩等一些地區,美軍的聲譽曾經(並且仍然)非常糟糕。
然而,我與關西和關東(日本中部)地區的日本人交談過,他們普遍對美國對日本的佔領以及與麥克阿瑟的聯繫持非常積極的態度。
重要的是要記住,二戰之前和二戰期間的日本並不是一個民主國家。二戰前的明治憲法賦予了一般民眾相當多的新權利,例如不因屈服不夠而被武士隨意處決的權利,但最終所有權力仍掌握在天皇手中。當然,一個人管理整個國家的想法是完全荒謬的,皇帝的所有權力都被授予官僚、將軍和其他官員……結果可想而知,因為皇帝幾乎不被允許離開朝廷看看發生了什麼。他的名義完成。
結果,明治憲法在紙上看起來很好,但實際上二戰日本對普通日本公民來說是一場恐怖表演。任何甚至是模糊的民主機構,例如日本婦女組織,都被廢除,徵兵是強制性的,以至於當盟軍登陸某些地區時,根本沒有適齡的男性,口糧嚴重不足(孩子們被迫高喊口號)在學校裡“直到勝利我們才會想要”,抱怨飢餓是毆打的理由),而這一切都是由憲兵隊(日本軍事秘密警察)執行的,他們毆打、監禁和處決任何看起來可能是他們的公民不是100%支持戰爭。
實際上,憲兵隊的行為很像明治時代剛被廢黜的武士階層,會立即殺死任何以錯誤方式看待他們的人,並且後果為零。軍火工廠的工人被餵食甲基苯丙胺,以提高他們的注意力,並使他們能夠在很少或沒有食物的情況下長時間輪班。
在我採訪過的老人的敘述中,一個共同的因素是缺乏食物。入伍意味著幾乎所有的年輕人都被徵召入伍,田地則由婦女和老人負責耕種。我並不是貶低婦女和老人的耕作能力,但當時的耕作方式很大程度上依賴體力,因此國內糧食產量急劇下降。除此之外,日本軍隊帶走了大量食物,並試圖透過不安全的補給線將其運送到敵對領土,導致食物流失,無論他們身在何處,普通日本人都在慢慢餓死。
……這就是美軍面臨的情況。一個習慣在看錯人的時候就被殺的人,一個挨餓的人,一個習慣了在沒有任何解釋的情況下被命令的人。
以美國國內標準來看,麥克阿瑟的佔領是殘酷的,但從日本的角度來看,這是一次巨大的升級。美國運送了大量食物,普通公民相當安全,不會被立即殺害,而且他們肯定被告知要以特定的方式做事,但不明白為什麼,但這很正常。
當然,從在民主、充足的食物和相當大的自主權中成長起來的現代一代人的角度來看,麥克阿瑟時代看起來是殘酷和壓迫的,但從我和美國交談過的那個時代的人們的角度來看佔領是戰爭的瘋狂和匱乏的一個可喜的結束。
這就提出了一個有趣的問題:我們該如何判斷歷史人物的行為。我們用今天的標準來評價麥克阿瑟嗎?在這種情況下,他是個殘暴的獨裁者,他對日本強加了一部有嚴重缺陷的憲法,至今仍造成問題。
還是我們以麥克阿瑟所處時代的標準來評價他?在這種情況下,他是一個仁慈但嚴格的父親形象,採取了必要的行動來拯救日本免遭飢餓,並為廣泛的民主改革奠定了基礎,使日本成為世界上最大、最成功的經濟體之一。
就我個人而言,聽過那個時期倖存者的敘述後,我留下的印像是,麥克阿瑟面臨著一項極其艱鉅的任務,他是一個好人,試圖完成一項幾乎不可能完成的工作,因此必須做出一些妥協──今天的獨裁統治為了明天的自由。
不過,我從一個非常不同的角度來看這個問題,我來自非洲,令人遺憾的是,這種情況很常見——那裡的體系已經崩潰到瞭如此程度,以至於必須做出極其艱難和不受歡迎的決定才能糾正體系國家才能有未來。當事情進展順利時,民主是偉大的,但普通人不擅長今天做出犧牲以確保明天更好的生活,所以有時需要仁慈的獨裁統治。
從這個角度來看,麥克阿瑟是在正確的時間出現在正確的地點的正確的人,日本欠他一份感激之情。但請注意,這種感激之情並不適用於整個美國政府,美國政府出於自私的原因將日本置於不可能的境地並引發了太平洋戰爭。麥克阿瑟似乎是個好人。他的上級?則少得多。

這個問題的完整答案很長,但簡短的答案是,當佩里帶著他的黑船抵達並向東京開火時,他向日本表明殖民世界只有兩種人:強者透過殘酷的武力進行統治,弱者則像奴隸一樣被統治。
如果日本的軍事實力不足以至少抵抗美國,那麼他們就會被當作奴隸對待。
美國隨後切斷了日本的石油和鋼鐵供應,並開始在珍珠港集結艦隊,為日本留下了兩個選擇:
a)等到他們的石油和鋼鐵供應耗盡並且無法自衛,或者
b)奪取其他國家的石油和鋼鐵供應,這樣他們至少可以嘗試自衛。
美國的入侵是一個明顯且迫在眉睫的危險。如果你處於他們的位置,你會怎麼做?
至於南京大屠殺──這既是中國將軍的錯,也是日本人的錯。中國將軍故意將平民困在城裡,然後將他的部隊與平民混在一起,讓日本人無法對任何人背棄。這並不能成為日本行為的藉口,但其責任遠不如流行的說法那麼片面。
同樣,「馬尼拉的強暴」是建立在無視美國首先這樣做、做得更糟、做得更長時間的基礎上的。這並不能成為日本所作所為的藉口。
人們想像自己對歷史了解多少的問題最好概括為「知識匱乏是一件危險的事」。當人們更了解殖民時代(第二次世界大戰發生的時期)的歷史時,日本的「令人震驚」的行為在那個時代顯得很正常,而太平洋戰爭的起因則成為一個更加模糊和模糊的話題,責任天平急劇轉向美國方面。
在菲律賓,儘管美國人偷走了菲律賓人從西班牙爭取到的獨立,但人們對美國人還是很尊敬的。最好還是被白人統治。
但正如一位菲律賓歷史學家所說,在第二次世界大戰期間,日本法西斯主義者說菲律賓人99%是騙子,100%親美,這就是他們蔑視菲律賓人的原因。
我猜你的意思是,如果歐美殖民主義者沒有來到亞洲,美國以日本成為白人列強殖民地的危險來威脅日本,日本就不會走上這條侵略之路。開放並威脅日本,它的結局可能會像泰國一樣。
日本的侵略行為只不過是殖民列強的翻版。日本是一個很好的思想進口國,永遠在其引進的基礎上進行更新和改進。Quora 上的另一位評論員是一位經歷過敵人殘酷對待的退伍軍人,他得出的結論是,日本人並沒有折磨他,而是法西斯分子。
今年4月9日,在巴丹死亡行軍紀念活動中,一名菲律賓士兵評論說,菲律賓在第二次世界大戰中的勝利不是對抗日本的勝利,而是對抗法西斯主義的勝利。
我似乎明白你的意思。被活活燒死,公平嗎?
連環殺手是天生的,而不是天生的。

嗨拉德克,我知道你不喜歡我的回答,但將答案描述為「噁心」是相當粗魯和粗魯的。我會就事實問題解決您的爭議,但將來如果您不希望您的評論被立即刪除,我會建議您更加禮貌。
您對其他軸心國所允許的自治程度的判斷是錯誤的。在德國,美國非常直接地指導了戰後重建,並廣泛影響了德國憲法和法律體系(https://www.jstor.org/stable/1041876?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents )。
在日本,文化因素也發揮作用。在日本,上級的「建議」等同於命令。當麥克阿瑟的幕僚提出美國憲法的修改草案作為「建議」時,他們顯然沒有意識到它將被視為命令,只是簡單地進行了微小修改就簽署生效。
就國家的成功而言,日本是當今世界第三大經濟體,僅次於美國和中國,德國排名第四。義大利排名第九。我不明白你是如何得出日本尚未成功的結論的。
關於自1600年代以來武士被禁止殺人的說法忽略了這樣一個事實,即eta和hininn (統稱為burakamin )不是人,並且可能會被立即殺死,因為他們在技術上不是人。它也忽略了這樣一個事實:對於農民和下層階級來說,他們沒有正當程序的權利。武士的一句話就足以判處死刑,要麼由武士立即執行,要麼在被投入監獄等待處決後執行。
今天,我們的法律體系更加公平,但一個擁有強大律師和政治關係的富家子弟可以毫不誇張地逃脫謀殺而不會產生任何後果。江戶時代日本的法律制度對武士更加偏向,實際上,武士可以強姦、殺害或殘害任何他們想要的人,而不會產生很少或沒有後果。
二戰期間的憲兵隊也以非常相似的方式行事。理論上,明治時代的憲法為普通人提供了相當大的保護,防止隨意殺害和虐待。實際上,憲兵軍官所需要做的就是指控此人是叛徒或以某種方式破壞戰爭努力,他們的行為就會受到軍事法庭的寬恕。
紙面上的「非法」行為與實踐中的執行之間存在著巨大的鴻溝。
我相信這已經解決了您對我的回答的反對意見。下次當您對我的回答中的事實有疑問時,請禮貌地要求我進行澄清,我很樂意提供。
我不是麥克阿瑟將軍的粉絲。
這說明他確實做了一些正確的事情。我想補充一點,他對日本的管理非常成功並且管理得很好。我斷言,就像諾曼第登陸時的艾森豪威爾、眼鏡蛇行動中的巴頓、瓜達爾卡納爾島的比爾·哈爾西和中途島之前的切斯特·尼米茲一樣,佔領是麥克的傑作。
將軍這個角色非常適合他。再加上他公平的政府,使日本擺脫了多年殘酷的民主政治,成為一個運作良好的民主社會。
他因讓裕仁擺脫戰爭罪而受到批評。麥卡的決定
道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟將軍在二戰後美國佔領日本期間發揮了舉足輕重的作用,日本人民對他的反應也是複雜多樣的。
初步反應
- 寬慰和感激:最初,許多日本人因戰爭結束和敵對行動停止而感到寬慰。麥克阿瑟被視為可以幫助日本重建並防止進一步苦難的人物。
- 懷疑與不信任:然而,也有人對佔領軍持懷疑態度。許多日本人以懷疑的眼光看待美國人,回想起戰爭和轟炸造成的破壞。
As you might imagine, the Japanese population was in shock resulting from the Emperor telling his people we must endure the unendurable and surrender. Initially, the Japanese people felt the Marines would land and rape the women and bayonet the babies then eat them.
Well the Marines landed and instead of raping the women and bayonetting the babies, they gave the Japanese families food and even helped them rebuild their homes and lives.
McAuther made one of his best decisions by keeping the Emperor on his throne. Tojo was willing to take on the responsibility of all the evil doings of the Japanes
MacAerhur was very gentle thus much beloved by the people of Japan. He allowed them to keep and spent the gold/silver/items stolen from the occupied nations.
Also, he wouldn’t allow most of the war criminals to be prosecuted for their crimes against humanity.
Here’s just one instance; Eight Doolittle Raiders were captured Three were put in front of a totally bogus court martial. They were then sentenced to death.
But we when convicted them in a lawful court, the three IJA officers were lightly punished for three courts of First Degree Murder: Two of them got 5 years, one got nine years.
Then there
They responded very wonderfully to him. He had a great understanding of oriental culture by this time in his life. His occupation, reconstruction, writing of their constitution, and establishment of a democratic government were one of the most seamless and beautiful in world history. Too bad no one followed his example in Iraq and Afghanistan. Many of the Japanese treated him like the “new emperor
1945 (1945) On September 27, Emperor Showa visited Douglas MacArthur for a press conference.
September 27 10:00 AM. A car carrying Emperor Showa in a top hat and formal morning attire went under the gate of the American ambassador's residence.
MacArthur is not seen at the entrance of the residence, and two lieutenants greet him.
There was a photo shoot before the conference started.
MacArthur wrote in his memoirs:
"The Emperor's story was as follows. "I am the only one responsible for all the decisions and actions of the Japanese people, both political and military, in the conduct of the war. I am
Footnotes
Well, the Japanese were expecting to be treated like they were treating neighboring nations during WW2. So they were surprised (relatively) with what was perceived as relative kindness.
I’m not the person to ask. That would have to be “Mom” because she was a Nisei in Japan at the time of the surrender. And the acronym GHQ (General Head Quarters) was something I heard from an early age after the decade when she returned after the War.
Your understanding of this depends on your understanding of Japanese culture. It isn’t now like it was back then. It wasn’t like there was anime or inexpensive cars
I had the privilege of talking to quite a few people in Japan about this over thirty years ago, when there were more people around with living memories of the war.
To a person, the reaction was fear, followed by relief, followed by gratitude. The Japanese pursued the conduct of war with no mercy, and they were not expecting any mercy in return. As it became clear that Japan was going to lose, the level of suffering for ordinary people became nearly unbearable: firebombings, shortages of medicine, of fuel, of food…normal life was almost unbearable. And the expectation was that Japan would be inv
While I am not a particular MacArthur fan, he was very smart about how to handle the occupation of Japan. First, he did not treat the Emperor as a war criminal, which many in the US advocated. The Emperor was seen by the Japanese as a divine being, and MacArthur realized that treating him as a war criminal would simply foment violent resistance. Instead, he had the Emperor tell the people that he was not divine, but he left him nominally in charge (reporting only to MacArthur). Second, he supported reconstruction of Japan’s cities and industries (the ones not focused on producing military good
I can’t speak for the Japanese people, but my grandfather was part of the first wave of U.S. soldiers to occupy Japan since he was stationed on Okinawa at the time. From his account, the Japanese people (for the most part) were accommodating and respectful to the occupation, and just like they were willing to die for their Emperor a short time earlier, they also saw his declaration of surrender as the voice for all Japanese people. There were still isolated pockets of resistance in Japan, but it was mainly from a handful of military higher ups and a few ambitious individuals who aspired to pow
I interviewed a significant number of former Japanese military men who were almost entirely grandfathers by that point. They accepted it as a consequence of the failed war. When pressed, they acknowledged that of course there were trouble makers among the US military but they were a small percentage. They acknowledged that Japanese occupation of other countries was far more brutal. A few of them expressed regret at how a particular piece of property had been used by the American occupation authorities, there was a mini-golf course in the center of town, but they all expressed admiration for ho
What do young and old Japanese view on the US occupation of their homeland after WW2? I lived in Japan from 1984 to 1987. At that time foreigners were relatively rare, even in Tokyo.
One day I was taking someone sightseeing at Asakusa Sensō-ji . An older Japanese man, in his 70s (?) came up to me, he was drunk - and had an open can of sake in his hand.
He told me that after the war he thought he would be a slave*, the Japanese had lost the war. But instead, the Americans rebuilt Japan and the Japanese couldn't believe it. He thanked me, he thanked America, he kept on thanking me for rebuilding J
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