书评 brill.com/bki Daradjadi,
紅溪慘案1740-1743
Geger Pacinan 1740-1743: Persekutuan Tionghoa-Jawa melawan VOC.
雅加达： Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2013, xliii + 292 pp + 1 loose leaf. ISBN 9789797096878。 价格： 63,000.00印尼盾（平装本）。
达拉贾迪是一个肩负使命的人。 达拉贾迪-贡多迪普罗乔 (KRMH Daradjadi Gondodiprodjo) 出生于苏腊卡尔塔的 Mangkunegaran 贵族家庭，从小就熟悉这个公国的起源历史。
小时候，母亲经常给他唱摇篮曲。 其中一句是 "Alun-alun Kartasura geger kepati"（卡尔塔苏拉镇广场发生了暴乱）。
他的小学历史老师在一次苏腊卡尔塔皇宫考察中告诉学生，皇宫曾被中国军队摧毁（2008: xiii）。
这个男孩长大成人后，对这个故事产生了浓厚的兴趣。 这促使他更多地了解这个 geger kepati。 他发现，曾经有一段时间，中国人与爪哇人一起对抗荷兰东印度公司（VOC）的军队。 这场雪邦江战争在爪哇语中被称为 "Geger Pacinan"，开始于 1740 年，结束于 1743 年。
达拉贾迪在书中写道："为我的子孙后代讲述的故事"。 但《Geger Pacinan》并不是一部童话。 该书由十个章节、序言和尾声组成，讲述了中国和爪哇勇士结盟，共同对抗荷兰东印度公司（VOC）以及马打兰和马都拉军队的故事。
Geger Pacinan》是《Perang Sepan jang 1740-1743; Tionghoa-Jawa lawan VOC》（2008 年）（《1740-1743 年雪邦江战争，中国-爪哇人对抗 VOC》）的修订版。
封面展示的是一幅描绘雪邦战争的画作，这幅画可以在伦邦（Rembang）的古惠琼（Cu Hwie Kiong）凯伦登（kelenteng）看到。 画中的中国和爪哇战士正在与荷兰东印度公司（VOC）军队作战，从他们的头饰和武器可以辨认出来。
书中提供了长达 16 页的年表，散页上也有较短的年表，以指导读者了解这些事件。 活页年表附有地图，标明了战斗发生的地点，并在事件描述中标注了数字，使读者能够一目了然地了解战争的规模。 编年史从 1690 年开始，当时 VOC 规定了来到群岛的中国移民配额。 这些年表描述了塞班江战争，记述了鸦片战争中鸦片华人军队在与VOC士兵的战斗中的胜利和失败。
拉登-马斯-赛义德（Raden Mas Said）和苏南-库宁（黄苏南）在这些战役中扮演了重要角色，苏南-库宁是拉登-马斯-加伦迪（Raden Mas Garendi）的别名，加伦迪 16 岁时被加冕为苏南-阿芒古拉特五世（Sunan Amangkurat V），即马打兰国王。
据推测，他之所以被称为苏南库宁，是因为他拥有一支由中国士兵组成的军队。 拉登-马斯-加伦迪是苏南-阿芒古拉特三世的孙子。 他的叔父帕库-布沃诺二世是马打兰王国的合法统治者，他成为了帕库-布沃诺二世的对手。 帕库-布沃诺二世被描绘成一个犹豫不决的国王，在支持中国人和反对中国人之间摇摆不定。
与拉登-马斯-加伦迪一样，拉登-马斯-赛义德也有反对帕库-布沃诺二世的个人原因。 他是阿芒古拉特四世的孙子。 拉登-马斯-赛义德站在由 Singseh 和 Sepanjang 领导的中国人一边作战。 与他们分开后，拉登-马斯-赛义德继续斗争。 1740 年，成千上万的巴达维亚华人被荷兰人屠杀。
就在那时，Sepanjang 率领一支中国军队与 VOC 展开了斗争。 这个相当神秘的人物据说是中国皇帝乾隆同父异母的兄弟。 由于被怀疑策划叛乱，他被禁止进入中国。 荷兰东印度公司（VOC）称他为 Khe Panjang。
星克的 "克 "是对刚从祖国来的中国人的通称。 谢潘璋率领他的华人军队，经常得到爪哇军队的增援，从西面的巴达维亚到东面爪哇远端的布兰邦干。 在马打兰（Mataram）地区，辛赛（Singseh）或陈辛高（Tan Sin Ko）与赛潘让（Sepanjang）联手。 达拉贾迪在《序言》中表示，他希望对中国-爪哇战争的了解能够 "减少布米普特拉人和华裔之间的猜疑"。
除此之外，这些史实对于认识华裔在民族斗争中的作用也很有用。 孟古尼加拉一世获得了民族英雄的称号，但国人却不知道与他并肩作战、对抗荷兰东印度公司（VOC）的华人战士，这让人感到有些荒谬"（第 xxvi 页）。
Geger Pacinan 是对改革开放以来有关印尼华人书籍的重要补充。 长期以来，他们在争取印尼独立的斗争中所扮演的角色及其对土地的权利一直被否认。 他们被指责站在对他们最有利的荷兰人一边，至今仍被视为机会主义者，只要脚下的土地太热，他们就会离开这个国家。
如果《Geger Pacinan》的作者是印尼华人，那么这本书就会被视为一种自卫行为。 作者不是华人，而是爪哇贵族的一员，而且使用了巴巴德（babad）这一事实增加了它的权威性，也许自相矛盾的是，也增加了它的可信度。
拉登-马斯-赛义德后来成为曼库尼加拉一世，即曼库尼加拉宫的创始人。 最近，在拉塞姆发现了一座坟墓，据说是辛塞的最后安息之地。 位于雅加达 Taman Mini Indah Indonesia 的中印尼文化公园将竖立一座拉登-马斯-赛义德和塞班让的雕像，以纪念这场战争。
也许 Geger Pacinan 毕竟是一个童话。 Widjajanti Dharmowijono Akademi Bahasa 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang Widja279@yahoo.com
Book Reviews brill.com/bki Daradjadi, Geger Pacinan 1740-1743: Persekutuan Tionghoa-Jawa melawan VOC. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2013, xliii + 292 pp + 1 loose leaf. ISBN 9789797096878. Price: IDR 63,000.00 (paperback). Daradjadi is a man with a mission. Born as KRMH Daradjadi Gondodiprodjo into the noble Mangkunegaran family of Surakarta, he has been familiar with the history of the origin of this principality from a young age. When he was a child, his mother used to sing him a lullaby. One of its lines was ‘Alun-alun Kartasura geger kepati’ (There was a riot at the town square of Kartasura). His history teacher at elementary school told his students during a study tour to the palace of Surakarta that it was once destroyed by Chinese troops (2008: xiii). The boy grew into a man who was intrigued by the story. It motivated him to learn more about this geger kepati. He discovered that there was a time that the Chinese fought together with the Javanese against the troops of the Dutch East Indies Company, the VOC. This Sepanjang War, called Geger Pacinan in Javanese, began in 1740 and ended in 1743. ‘A tale for my grandchildren’, is Daradjadi’s dedication. But Geger Pacinan is not a fairytale. Consisting of ten chapters, a prologue and an epilogue, it tells the story of the alliance of the Chinese and Javanese warriors in the fight against the VOC and the Mataram and Madura troops, who were also engaged in skirmishes between them. Geger Pacinan is a revised edition of Perang Sepan jang 1740-1743; Tionghoa-Jawa lawan VOC (2008) (The Sepanjang War 1740-1743, Chinese-Javanese Against VOC). The cover displays a painting of the Sepanjang War that can be seen in the kelenteng Cu Hwie Kiong in Rembang. It features Chinese and Javanese warriors, recognizable from their headgear and weapons, fighting against the VOC army. The reader is provided with a sixteen-page chronology in the book as well as a shorter one on a loose leaf, to guide him through the events. The loose leaf one is accompanied by a map, indicating the places where the battles took place, with numbers that refer to the description of the events, making it possible to see the magnitude of the war at a single glance. The chronologies begin with the year 1690, when the VOC established a quota for Chinese immigrants who came to the Archipelago. They describe the Sepanjang War, following the victories and losses of the Javanese-Chinese troops in their battles against the VOC soldiers, who were assisted, by choice or by force, by indigenous troops. Vital roles in these battles are played by Raden Mas Said and Sunan Kuning (the Yellow Sunan), an alias for Raden Mas Garendi, who was crowned Sunan Amangkurat V, King of Mataram, when he was sixteen years of age. Presumably, he got the name Sunan Kuning because he had an army of Chinese soldiers. Raden Mas Garendi was a grandson of Sunan Amangkurat III. He became the opponent of Paku Buwono II, an uncle of his, who was the legitimate ruler of the Mataram Kingdom. Paku Buwono II is portrayed as a hesitant king, vacillating between supporting the Chinese and fighting against them. Like Raden Mas Garendi, Raden Mas Said had personal reasons to oppose Paku Buwono II. He was a grandson of Amangkurat IV. Raden Mas Said fought on the side of the Chinese, who were led by Singseh and Sepanjang. After separating from them, Raden Mas Said continued the struggle. In 1740 thousands of Batavian Chinese city dwellers were slaughtered by the Dutch. Then and there Sepanjang led a Chinese army who battled against the VOC. This rather mysterious figure is said to be a half-brother of the Chinese emperor, Kian Liong. Suspected of planning a revolt, he was banned from China. The VOC called him Khe Panjang. Khe of Singkek is a general name for Chinese who just arrived from their homeland. Sepanjang led his army of Chinese, often reinforced by Javanese troops, from Batavia in the west to Blambangan in the east, on the far end of Java. In the domain of Mataram, Singseh or Tan Sin Ko joined forces with Sepanjang. In the Prologue, Daradjadi expresses his hope that knowledge of the Chinese-Javanese war will ‘reduce the levels of suspicion arising between the bumiputra and the ethnic Chinese. Other than that, the historical facts are useful in recognition of the role of the ethnic Chinese in the national struggle. It feels a bit absurd that [. . .] Mangkunegara I has received the title of national hero, but the nation does not know the Chinese warrior who fought beside him against the VOC’ (p. xxvi). Geger Pacinan is a valuable and important addition to the books that have been written on the Chinese Indonesians since the Reformasi. Their role in the struggle for the Indonesian independence and their right on the land have long been denied. They were accused of siding with the Dutch, the party that was most beneficial to them, and they are still seen as opportunists who leave the country whenever the ground becomes too hot under their feet. If Geger Pacinan had been written by a Chinese Indonesian, it would have been seen as a defensive act. The fact that the author is not a Chinese but a member of the Javanese nobility and the use of babad add to its authority and, perhaps contradictorily, to its credibility. Raden Mas Said would become Mangkunegara I, the founder of the Mangkunegaran Palace. Recently, a grave was discovered in Lasem, believed to be Singseh’s last resting place. A statue of Raden Mas Said and Sepanjang, commemorating the war, will be erected in the Chinese-Indonesian Cultural Park at Taman Mini Indah Indonesia, Jakarta. Perhaps Geger Pacinan is a fairytale after all.
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