书评
克里斯托弗-克拉克的《梦游者》--评论
第一次世界大战真的应该归咎于德国吗？
伊恩-平达
Fri 19 Jul 2013 18.00 BST
4
这本关于第一次世界大战起因的精彩著作始于1903年，一个名为 "黑手 "的秘密恐怖组织谋杀了塞尔维亚的亚历山大一世。
1914年，他们在萨拉热窝组织了对弗朗茨-斐迪南大公的暗杀，导致了索姆河、凡尔登和加利波利的血战。
德国通常被指责为冲突升级的罪魁祸首，但克拉克拒绝玩 "指责 "游戏，他认为德国人并不是唯一的帝国主义偏执狂。
更令人信服和恐惧的现实是，没有一个国家真正想要发动战争，但每个国家都在梦游中陷入了战争。
克拉克出色地将这一不合逻辑的冲突置于背景之中，展示了1914年前的欧洲是如何在种族和民族主义派别的蹂躏下变得固有的不稳定。
他还指出，那些争相在战场上证明自己雄壮的欧洲精英们正遭受着 "男性危机"。
难道战争的开始真的是因为上层政治家和将军们感受到了以前被边缘化的 "无产阶级和非白人 "男性的崛起所带来的威胁？
History books
Review
The Sleepwalkers by Christopher Clark – review
Should Germany really be blamed for the first world war, or did European nations simply sleepwalk into it?
Ian Pindar
Fri 19 Jul 2013 18.00 BST
4
This superb account of the causes of the first world war begins in 1903 with the murder of Alexander I of Serbia by a secretive terrorist network called the Black Hand. They went on to organise the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914, which resulted in the bloodbaths of the Somme, Verdun and Gallipoli. Germany has usually been blamed for escalating the conflict, but Clark refuses to play the blame game, arguing that the Germans were not alone in their paranoid imperialism. The more convincing and terrifying reality is that no nation really meant to wage war, but each sleepwalked into it. Clark brilliantly puts this illogical conflict into context, showing how pre-1914 Europe was inherently unstable, riven by ethnic and nationalistic factions. He also suggests that the European elites who vied to prove their virility in battle were suffering from a "crisis of masculinity". Could it really be that the war began because upper-class statesmen and generals felt threatened by the rise of previously marginalised "proletarian and non-white" men?
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